* Please answer the following question in your binders: * Do you think the changes in America during the early to mid 19 th century opened the door to.

* Please answer the following question in your binders: * Do you think the changes in America during the early to mid 19 th century opened the door to opportunity for all Americans? Why or why not?

* Please complete the following task on a separate sheet of paper * Number your sheet 1-10. That’s all.

* Identify key geographic, economic, political, and social factors that took place in the U.S. from 1800 – 1850 and analyze how they either opened or closed the door to opportunity for Americans.

GeographicPoliticalEconomicSocial Example: Addition of a new state

APUSH; November 18 th, 2014; Unit 4: Growing Pains; Response Group Activity

* What were the major areas of conflict between nationalism and sectionalism? * Nationalism: A strong feeling of national pride and a concern for advancing the interests of that nation * Sectionalism: A strong concern for local interests

* Which changes opened the door to opportunity the widest? * Which changes closed the door to opportunity? If so, for whom?

* Property and Democracy * The Dorr War

* Tocqueville on Democracy

* The Information Revolution

* The Limits of Democracy

* A Racial Democracy * Race and Class

* In your own words, define this term: * Nationalism:

* Announcements/ Housekeeping * Happy DECEMBER! * Unit 4 Exam – Thursday 12/10 * Ms. Stacey wanted me to remind those of you in AP Lit…. * Lecture Notes on Nation, Section, & Party * APPARTS – The Nullification Crisis (VoF 59) * HW: VoF 57: The Monroe Doctrine (Blog Post)

* Pls answer the following: * So what was Jackson actually saying in his veto of the Bank Bill?

* The American System * US was NOT integrated * Bank expired * Transportation poor * Manufacturing hurt by British embargo * Proposed by James Madison – The American System * Banks and Money * The Second Bank of the United States was resented by many Americans * Regulated the volume of paper money in print, to control inflation.

* The Panic of 1819 * The BUS contributed to widespread land speculation * The bubble “burst” in 1819, when European demand for American farm goods dropped. * Resluts = * Farmers could not pay loans * Banks failed * Unemployment spread to the eastern cities * The Politics of the Panic * The short-lived Panic of 1819 disrupted the political harmony established at the end of the War of 1812. * McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – legitimized the BUS

* The Missouri Controversy * James Monroe elected in 1816 (Served two terms) * One- party Republican rule * The “Era of Good Feelings” * With no other party, politics organized around competing sectional interests. * Dun dun dun…. * SLAVERY * MISSOURI: * Applied for statehood in 1819 * Conflict ensued, eventually led to the Missouri Compromise * Missouri enters as a slave state * Maine enters as a free * Slavery woul dbe banned in all territory north of 36 °30 (Mizzou’s southern border)

* The Slavery Question * The Missouri Compromise showed that sectional divisions over slavery’s westward expansion seriously endangered the federal union. * The domination of the presidency by Virginians since the founding, except for the term of John Adams of Massachusetts, reinforced northerners’ sense that southern slave owners dominated national politics, and they knew that more slave states would mean more political power for the South in Congress. * The issue eventually sparked the Civil War.

* The U.S. and the Latin American Wars of Independence * The Monroe Doctrine

* Pls answer in your binder: * What do you think John Quincy Adams meant by the phrase, “Liberty is power?

* The Election of 1824 * Andrew Jackson (TN) * John Quincy Adams (MA) * William Crawford (GA) * Henry Clay (KY) * Jackson received the most votes, but no candidate received enough electoral college votes * Corrupt Bargain? * Clay influenced House to elect JQA. * Clay, shortly thereafter, becomes Sec. of State… Hmmm…. * This laid the foundation for the emergence of the Democratic Party behind Andrew Jackson in 1828 * Adams/ Clay alliance came to form the opposition Whig Party in the 1830s

* The Nationalism of John Quincy Adams * Privileged background; son of former prez * Strong Nationalist * Author of the Monroe Doctrine * Wished to increase American commerce and power in the Western Hemisphere * Liberty Is Power * Federal government should direct and sponsor internal improvements, or infrastructure. * Many strict constructionalists were frightened by his ideas, and Congress approved only a few of his programs.

* Martin van Buren and the Democratic Party * Rallied opposition to Adams behind Andrew Jackson * Represented a new era in American politics * Ordinary men could wield great power * Believed that political parties and party competition was good for America. * See Washington’s Farewell for the opposite view! * The Election of 1828 * Andrew Jackson, behind Van Buren’s vibrant Democratic party, thumped JQA * Electoral College = 178 – 83 * Pop Vote = 56% - 44%

* The Party System * Andrew Jackson was a man of contradictions. * He was not well educated but he was eloquent; * he championed the common man but excluded Indians and African-Americans from democracy; * he rose from modest origins to become a rich man and slaveowner in Tennessee, * he disliked banks, paper money, and some of the results of the market revolution; * he was a strong nationalist who believed that states, not the federal government, should govern, and he opposed federal intervention in the economy or interference in private life. * Politics was a “mass activity” * Spoils system begins….

* Democrats and Whigs * Tensions b/t national and sectional loyalties DemocratsWhigs Worried about growing social class gap Disliked bankers, merchants, speculators Gov’t avoid interfering with economy Supported American System Pro Nat’l Bank Centered in the N.E.

* South Carolina and Nullification * The Contradiction of Jackson’s First Term: * Dedicated defender to states’ rights; however, his first term saw major efforts to uphold federal supremacy! * 1828 Tariff, or the “Tariff of Abominations” * Increase tariff on imported goods * SC threatened to nullify, or declare it void. * Calhoun’s Political Theory * VP John C. Calhoun (SC) spearheaded the charge for nullification * States had created the nat’l govt * Each state had the right to prevent laws passed by Congress it deemed unconstitutional * Others, notably Daniel Webster, argued nullification was illegal.

* The Nullification Crisis * Calhoun’s theory offered the South a political philosophy to use later on….. Hmmmm…. * Calhoun argued that the theory actually preserved the Union…. * To President Jackson, nullification was disunion * Authorized armed collection of taxes! * To avoid war, Clay and Calhoun created a compromise tariff in 1833 (it reduced the duties…) * In the end, Calhoun abandoned the Democratic Party and joined the Whigs, united only byt heir hatred for Jackson.

* Indian Removal * The Supreme Court and the Indians

* Biddle’s Bank

* The Pet Banks and the Economy

* The Panic of 1837 * Van Buren in Office

* The Election of 1840 * His Accidency

Additional Art for Chapter 10

Norton Lecture Slides Independent and Employee-Owned Give Me Liberty! AN AMERICAN HISTORY THIRD EDITION This concludes the Norton Lecture Slides Slide Set for Chapter 10 by Eric Foner

* Please answer the following question in your binders: * Do you think the changes in America during the early to mid 19 th century opened the door to.

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