1. 2005 Paul VanRaden and Mel Tooker Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD paul@aipl.arsusda.gov Genetic Evaluation of Mixed Breed Populations

2. S-1008 Annual Meeting 2005 (2) P.M. VanRaden 2005 Goals  Compare methods to evaluate mixed breed data All breeds and crossbreds together Crossbreds in breed of sire file  Compute national evaluations and examine changes PTA’s of purebreds and crossbreds  Display results without confusion

3. S-1008 Annual Meeting 2005 (3) P.M. VanRaden 2005 Options for Reporting PTA  Genetic base Each breed on its own base Other breeds on Holstein base All breeds on mixed breed base  Heterosis and inbreeding PTA can include or exclude heterosis EFI and rank differ with mate breed

4. S-1008 Annual Meeting 2005 (4) P.M. VanRaden 2005 Options for Implementation  Within breed of sire model Further testing but fewer issues May 2006 could be possible  All breed model Traits in Net Merit need same base Type and calving ease separate November 2006 more likely

5. S-1008 Annual Meeting 2005 (5) P.M. VanRaden 2005 All- vs Within-Breed Evaluations Correlations of PTA 99% REL bulls Recent bulls Recent cows Holstein >.999.994.989 Jersey.997.988.972 Brown Swiss.990.960.942 Guernsey.991.988.969 Ayrshire.990.963.943 Milking Shorthorn.997.986.947

6. S-1008 Annual Meeting 2005 (6) P.M. VanRaden 2005 Breed Effects and Heterosis Transmitting ability differences from Holstein MilkFatProSCSPLDPR Jersey -3378- 35- 54+0.15+1.6+2.3 Brown Sw -2235- 43- 37- 0.03+0.8+0.1 Guernsey -3128- 39- 71+0.06- 2.0+1.0 Ayrshire -2713- 70- 67- 0.07+0.6+0.9 M.Shorthrn -3441-118- 97- 0.09+1.2+2.1 Heterosis + 700+ 35+26+0.02+0.3+1.8 Heterosis and DPR estimates are from previous research

7. S-1008 Annual Meeting 2005 (7) P.M. VanRaden 2005 Recent Sires of Crossbred Cows Sires born since 1997 SireDaughters NamebreedPureCross AdventJE69873 GoldenJE42142 EagleBS23435 Brendon-PJE20729 Big TimeJE52228

8. S-1008 Annual Meeting 2005 (8) P.M. VanRaden 2005 Conclusions

9. S-1008 Annual Meeting 2005 (9) P.M. VanRaden 2005 Conclusions  All breed model accounts for: Heterosis Unknown parent groups by breed Heterogeneous variance by breed  Breed differences well estimated  PTA changed more in small breeds  Breed of sire model is alternative