1. GLOBAL WARMING Prepared by: Maryam Ejaz BBA PART – 2 BUSINESS ENGLISH MAM ROSHNA

2. Global Warming an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth ’ s surface and in the troposphere1, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth ’ s surface and in the troposphere1, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns

3. Causes Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil) Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil) –Power plants  generate electricity –Transportation-----fuels for transports (E.g. LPG, kerosene, fuel oil) kerosene, fuel oil) –Industrial processes (E.g. manufacture of cement, steel, aluminium) cement, steel, aluminium)

4. Causes Other greenhouse gases emission Other greenhouse gases emission –Agriculture –Forestry –Other land uses –Waste management

5. Example : Using natural gas to cook CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O Besides carbon dioxide, other gases such as methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrogen oxides and ozone also contribute to the greenhouse effect.

6. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere ↓ Some infrared radiation is trapped ↓ Greenhouse effect Serious greenhouse effect Global Warming

7. How serious the problem is?...

8. Increase in greenhouse gases Concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is highly increasing by human activities Concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is highly increasing by human activities → Leads to the increasing seriousness of global warming

10. Global surface temperatures –increased about 0.6°C/century since the late19th century –increased to 2°C/century over the past 25 years Sea level rising rising at an average rate of 1 - 2 mm/year over the past 100 years rising at an average rate of 1 - 2 mm/year over the past 100 years

11. NOT globally uniform warming Warming parts: Warming parts: –North America –Eurasia Cooling parts: Cooling parts: –parts of the southeastern U.S.

12. Regional Temperatures

13. Environmental and Human Effects

15. Extreme Effects Extreme Events: Extreme Events: Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and Droughts Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and Droughts Global warming An increase in the frequency of extreme events More event-related deaths, injuries, infectious diseases, and stress-related disorders Extreme Events: Extreme Events: Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and Droughts Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and Droughts Global warming An increase in the frequency of extreme events More event-related deaths, injuries, infectious diseases, and stress-related disorders

16. UV Exposure (Australia) Skin Cancer Skin Cancer –an abnormal growth of skin tissues. Premature aging Premature aging –make the skin thick, wrinkled, and leathery –make the skin thick, wrinkled, and leathery Cataracts Cataracts –No longer have transparent lenses in their eyes

17. UV Exposure (Australia) Other Eye Damages Other Eye Damages –Skin cancer around the eyes –Degeneration of the yellow spot Suppression of Immunity Suppression of Immunity –Overexposure to UV radiation  suppress proper functioning of the body's immune system and natural defenses of skin –UV-B radiation weakens the immune system  increases the chance of infection and disease

18. Measures on controlling the problem Government Government * set some laws to limit the amount of pollutants produced by factories * set some laws to limit the amount of pollutants produced by factories * develop the skills of using renewable fuels, e.g. solar energy, wind energy * develop the skills of using renewable fuels, e.g. solar energy, wind energy

19. * encourage the factories to replace fossil fuels by renewable fuels, which would not cause environmental pollution * encourage the factories to replace fossil fuels by renewable fuels, which would not cause environmental pollution * carry out energy saving scheme → reduce the pollution produced by burning fossil fuels * carry out energy saving scheme → reduce the pollution produced by burning fossil fuels * build more plants → reduce the pollutants e.g. CO 2 * build more plants → reduce the pollutants e.g. CO 2 Measures on controlling the problem

20. Citizens Citizens * reduce the use of plastic bags → as burning plastic emit CH4 * reduce the use of plastic bags → as burning plastic emit CH4 * recycle the resources, e.g. plastic * recycle the resources, e.g. plastic * reduce the use of sprays → as CFCs would be emitted out * reduce the use of sprays → as CFCs would be emitted out

21. Measures on controlling the problem * reduce the use of air-conditioner, which will emit CFCs * use public transportation instead of private cars → reduce the pollutants emitted by cars

22. Sources http://www.who.int/globalchange/climate/en/ http://www.who.int/globalchange/climate/en/ http://www.who.int/globalchange/climate/en/ http://resources.emb.gov.hk/envir- ed/text/globalissue/e_m2_2_6.htm http://resources.emb.gov.hk/envir- ed/text/globalissue/e_m2_2_6.htm http://resources.emb.gov.hk/envir- ed/text/globalissue/e_m2_2_6.htm http://resources.emb.gov.hk/envir- ed/text/globalissue/e_m2_2_6.htm http://epa.gov/climatechange/effects/index.html http://epa.gov/climatechange/effects/index.html http://epa.gov/climatechange/effects/index.html http://www.tchps.edu.hk/greenweb/greenMaind GMsg5.htm http://www.tchps.edu.hk/greenweb/greenMaind GMsg5.htm http://www.tchps.edu.hk/greenweb/greenMaind GMsg5.htm http://www.tchps.edu.hk/greenweb/greenMaind GMsg5.htm http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwar ming.html http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwar ming.html http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwar ming.html http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwar ming.html