1. Comments on Ex-Post Evaluation of PETI Main issues in the evaluation design –Program rules to inform evaluation –What question? (GE versus PE) –Technical features of design General comments

2. Program Rules and Implementation Must Inform Evaluation Design PETI implemented by state –Impact estimates done by state –Link operational features to impact estimates Not all kids in household obliged to join –Identify participation status within families Jornada ampliada required of participant –Separately identify kid’s time devoted to this Beneficiary selection process –Use this information to identify control group

3. What Question? GE versus PE General Equilibrium Effects –Interesting to policy maker –Evaluates contribution of program to overall sector policy objective Partial equilibrium or direct program effects –Interesting to program manager –Evaluates success of program in meeting internal objectives

4. Technical Features of Design Control and treatment: cross-section –Selection of controls Need to mimic beneficiary selection rule Mean (control) characteristics are different –Consistency of behavior over time Bring in outside data sources (PNAD) Derived demand feature of child labor Choice of outcomes –Multiple outcomes gives good overall picture –GFA may be questionable

5. General Comments Evaluation of CCT programs –Poor households will respond to cash incentives –But HC investment is a ‘normal’ good Is this cost-effective? Lets not forget basic social sector reforms Pending evaluation issues –Magnitude of income and substitution effects –Cost effectiveness of experimental design –Quality of human capital investments