1. STAGES OF REVOLUTION Adapted from Crane Brinton’s book, The Anatomy of Revolution

2. REVOLUTION: A VIOLENT OVERTHROW OF A GOVERNMENT

3. PRELIMINARY Class antagonism – Economic upgrade, which does not reach the people Government inefficiency – Inept ruler—Autocrat with absolute power

4. People ask for change (justice) Autocrat attempts to stop early protests with force (terror), which fails PRELIMINARY

5. Intellectuals transfer their loyalty from government to the people PRELIMINARY

6. FIRST STAGE Financial breakdown Protests against government increase dramatically

7. Moderates gain power relatively peacefully Revolutionary underground (radicals) foment revolution FIRST STAGE

8. Mob psychology – Ignorant – Emotional – Now wants revenge FIRST STAGE

9. CRISIS STAGE Radicals take control – Remove moderates Enemies attempt to stop radicals: – Civil war – Foreign war

10. Centralization of power in a revolutionary council Council dominated by a “strongman” Use common term of address CRISIS STAGE

12. Try to kill original autocrat Use terror to rule CRISIS STAGE

13. RECOVERY Revolution turns inward Radicals removed – Some killed Charismatic autocrat comes to power

14. Aggressive nationalism Slow, uneven return to quieter times People trade freedom for security RECOVERY