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Chapter 8 States of Matter
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Objective: Describe three states of matter.
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The states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist.
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Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules.
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These particles are always in motion and are always bumping into one another
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There Are Three states of matter: 1. A solid is the state of matter that has a definite shape and volume The particles in a solid do not move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. Each particle vibrates in place and is locked in place by the particles around it.
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There Are Two Kinds of Solids: 1. Crystalline solids have a very orderly, three-dimensional arrangement of particles. 2. Amorphous solids are made of particles that do not have a special arrangement.
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2. Liquid is the state of matter that has a definite volume and but takes the shape of its container. The particles of a liquid move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction between them. So, the particles in a liquid slide past each other.
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Liquids have two special properties: Surface tension is a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid. Viscosity is a liquid ’ s resistance to flow.
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3. Gas is the state of matter that has no definite shape or volume. The particles of a gas move quickly and can break away completely from one another. The amount of empty space between gas particles can change.
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Objective: Describe how energy is involved in changes of state.
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A change of state is the change of a substance from one physical form to another.
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Changes of State: 1. Solid to Liquid 2. Liquid to Solid 3. Liquid to Gas 4. Gas to Liquid 5. Solid to Gas
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1. Melting is the change of state from a solid to a liquid. The temperature a solid changes to a liquid is its melting point. Adding energy to a substance during a change of state is called an endothermic change.
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2. Freezing is the change of state from a liquid to a solid. The temperature a liquid changes to a solid is its freezing point. Removing energy to a substance during a change of state is called an exothermic change.
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3. Evaporation is the change of state from a liquid to gas. Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid that is below its boiling point. Boiling is the change of a liquid to a gas throughout the liquid. The temperature a liquid boils is its boiling point.
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4. Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid. The condensation point is the temperature a gas becomes a liquid.
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5. Sublimation is the change of state where a solid changes directly into a gas.
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Objective: Identify the two changes that can happen when a substance loses or gains energy.
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When most substances lose or gain energy, one of two things happen to the substance: temperature changes or state changes. But the temperature of a substance does not change during the change of state.
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