1. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 1 Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA) VHT Study Group Usage Models Date: 2007-12-20 Authors:

2. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 2 WFA VHT Study Group Consolidation of Usage Models Dec 20, 2007 Submission for the January 2008 IEEE 802.11 VHT Study Group Meeting in Taipei

3. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 3 IEEE 802.11 Abstract This submission embodies a subset of the results of discussions taken place in the Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA) Very High Throughput Study Group. This document is a formal liaison from the WFA and has been approved by the WFA Board of Directors as such. The document contains usage model information intended to help guide the technical requirements leading to a PAR and 5 Criteria of the Task Group that will result from the IEEE 802.11 VHT SG.

4. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 4 Topics of the presentation Context and Introduction Categories of Usage Models Terminology VHT Environments Listing of Usage Models by Category Examples of Usage Model Definition Formats Next Steps

5. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 5 Context and Introduction As a result of the July, 2007 meeting in San Francisco, the IEEE802.11 Working Group Approved a Liaison to WFA requesting Usage Models to drive requirements for the VHT SG The WFA responded by creating a Study Group chartered with producing Usage Models for VHT This group has held 4 conference calls since the November IEEE meeting in Atlanta This Usage Model document is an interim update version. The final version will be available in time for the 802.11 WG meeting in Orlando in March 08 and the WFA reserves the right to significantly modify the document between now and March 08.

6. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 6 Progress to Date The WFA VHT group has defined: –26 usage models –6 Categories of usage models –7 Types of Environments This update provides details on one Usage Model for each category, using an ‘agreed upon’ template

7. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 7 Questions & Comments from IEEE Nov meeting Will this list of usage models be prioritized? –The WFA Task Group plans to include some form of prioritization in the final deliverable Need to know about if QoS requirements for factory floor are more stringent than other cases. –See slide number 24 for more details. Are there any IMT Advanced use cases that take advantage of WLAN and WWAN? –The WFA Task Group has received no submissions that address IMT Advanced up to this date.

8. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 8 Categories of Usage Models 1.Wireless Docking 2.In Home Distribution of HDTV and other content 3.Rapid Upload and Download of large files to/from server 4.Backhaul Traffic (e.g. Meshing, Enterprise, Small Office) 5.Campus / Auditorium deployments 6.Manufacturing Floor Automation

9. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 9 Terminology Usage Model – A usage model is the combination of all the below things; not to be confused with a use case which is the specific set of steps to accomplish a particular task. –Pre-Conditions – Initial conditions before the use case begins. –Application – A source and/or sink of wireless data that relates to a particular type of user activity. Examples are streaming video and VoIP. –Environment – The type of place in which a network is deployed, such as home, outdoor, hot spot, enterprise, metropolitan area, etc. –Traffic Conditions – General background traffic or interference that is expected while the use case steps are occurring. Overlapping BSSs, existing video streams, and interference from cordless phones are all examples of traffic conditions. –Use case – A use case is task oriented. It describes the specific step by step actions performed by a user or device. One use case example is a user starting and stopping a video stream.

10. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 10 VHT Environments Home –On desk (short range, line of sight) –Within room (medium range, mostly line of sight) –Entire home (long range, could be no line of sight) –Home Mesh Enterprise –On desk/cube (short range, line of sight) –Conference room (medium range, mostly line of sight) –Dense deployment –Enterprise Mesh Small Office –Single BSS with unmanageable interferences with limited number of users Outdoor –Outdoor mesh backhaul link –Regular bridging between buildings –Airplane docking Campus (Education Space, Hospital) –Auditorium/lecture halls in the education space for video demos –Video surveillance and conferencing –Hospitals where Remote Medical Assistance for Operations is via Wireless Networks Airplane/Bus/Train/Ship – Intra-large-vehicle communication. Large vehicle being airplane, bus, train or ship Factory floor 10

11. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 11 Category 1: Wireless Docking a.Desktop Storage & Display at home or enterprise b.In room projection to TV at home or projector in conference room within an enterprise c.In room Gaming – video display from game machine and peer-to-peer connectivity for hand-held controllers d.Streaming from a camcorder to a display (live or stored content) e.Broadcast TV Field Pick Up f.Medical Imaging and Surgical Procedure Support in the form of uncompressed video 11

12. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 12 12 Usage Model 1a: Desktop Storage and Display at home or enterprise Traffic Conditions: In a home environment, presence of neighboring networks or additional home networks in 2.4GHz and/or 5GHz bands is likely. Multi-cubed office environment likely to have overlapping cells. Data transfers and video display should be operational simultaneously. Use Case: 1.User sits down to their desk, turns on their computer. 2.Computer wirelessly forms an association to an external hard-drive and the display with minimal user configuration. 3. User works for extended hours with visible sign the hard drive or display utilize wireless technology. 4. User stops working, then turns off computer. Pre-Conditions: User has operational WLAN network for Internet access and general data networking. The wireless network used for storage and display may or may not be part of the other operational WLAN network. Application: User can wirelessly display the output of the computer to monitor or TV using uncompressed video. Video requirements are: ~1.5Gbps, jitter is <5msec, delay is <5msec, 1.0E-7 PER. User can wirelessly store data from a computer to a harddrive. The data being stored transfers at ~1Gbps, jitter is < 200msec, delay is <200msec, 10E-5 PER. Environment: Devices could be operating in isolated cluster in a room such as a den or in close proximity to other similar clusters in a multi-cube office. Transmissions are mostly LOS. Distances between far corners of the room are <5M.

13. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 13 Category 2: Distribution of HDTV and other content a.Lightly compressed video streaming around the entire home (100s of Mbps) b.Compressed video streaming in a room or throughout a home c.Intra-Large-Vehicle (e.g. airplane) Applications –Video streaming of 30-40 movies, 100s of TV channels to up to 300 people with individual play/rewind control over each stream –Streams are ~5Mbps each. 300*5Mbps=1.5Gbps d.Wireless Networking for Small Office e.Remote Medical Assistance via Wireless Networks 13

14. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 14 14 Usage Model 2a: Lightly Compressed Video Streaming throughout the home Traffic Conditions: Occasional interference from other homes because WLAN is on other channels. Data transfers consuming up to 20% of the total bandwidth, 2 additional video streams, and wireless display/controllers from a video game machine may be occurring during this use case. Microwave may be running for up to 5 minutes. Use Case: 1.User looks up a program on electronic program guide. 2.User selects a video. 3.Lightly Compressed Video (e.g. ~100Mbps) is delivered/uploaded over the wireless network for a period of two hours. 4.User may pause video during 2 hour period then resume watching. 5.Task is complete when user stops watching the video. Pre-Conditions: User has operational WLAN network which includes a TV with wireless capabilities, a PVR with wireless capabilities, and an AP associated with the WLAN that is not in the same room as the game machine and TV. Application: User can display the output of the PVR wirelessly on the TV using a video codec like Motion 2000 JPEG that lightly compresses video. Video requirements are: ~150Mbps, jitter is <10 msec, delay is < 10msec, 1.0E-6 PER. Environment: Two story, three bedroom house with an AP in one corner in the den. Other homes in the area are also operating WLANs. Transmissions are mostly Non-LOS. Distance between far corners of the home are ~100 feet with as many as 8 walls (and one floor) between the video end points.

15. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 15 Usage Model 2a: Lightly Compressed Video Streaming throughout the home TV DVR PC

16. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 16 Category 3: Rapid Upload and Download of large files to/from server a.Rapid Sync-n-Go file transfer – camera to PC (10s of MB per pic), video kiosk to phone, phone to PC b.Picture-by-picture viewing - displaying digital pictures (jpegs, raw files) from a remote storage device to laptop or TV c.Airplane docking – as airplane pulls up to the boarding gate: –plane down loads sensor (mechanic info, flight performance, maintenance) & flight information (e.g. crew, passenger info, flight plan) –plane uploads next flight information and new videos d.Movie Content Download to Car as it pulls into garage e.Police / Surveillance Car Upload –Upload several 10s of GB of data (Video Surveillance footage) from surveillance car to content server police station 16

17. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 17 17 Usage Model 3d: Video Content download to car Traffic Conditions: Presence of other Wi-Fi networks from neighbors, muni Wi-Fi or other Home networks is likely to occur. The video content download to the car may either be using a dedicated VHT link, or it may be part of the multi purpose Home network. Content download should not create a negative end user perceptions for other applications using the home networks (e.g. voice, streaming media etc.) Use Case: 1.User either predefines content download criteria (e.g. all new Discovery episodes), or selects contents to be downloaded on a case by case basis 2.Car pulls into garage / driveway 3.VHT radio in car connects with VHT home network 4.Car downloads content from home server that is queued up for download / synch 5. Session terminated once content download is finished 6.Download sequence may be repeated based on new content becoming available, and car still within range of VHT network Pre-Conditions: Car is equipped with a storage devices for video and other content, attached to a VHT radio. Car is also equipped with HDTV video display(s). Home is equipped with a content server and VHT WLAN network. Application: Car comes within range of VHT home AP, and new video and audio content is downloaded to the content server in the car. E.g. new movies, music or TV programming. Size of one HDTV movie estimated to be between 30GB and 100GB. At 1Gbps rates this transfer takes between 3 and 13 minutes. Environment: Environments variable; e.g. indoor garage, outdoor car port, car parked at curb. Size of house, and construction materials used varies. Range/throughput expectation is high; deployment based on convenience for placing home networking device and storage device equipment. Distance between AP and car likely to be 10 – 60 m, 1 – 3 walls. Objective is to minimize download times.

18. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 18 Category 4: Backhaul a.Mesh Backhaul Accommodating Movie/Video Downloads/Uploads b.High-speed building to building bridging c.Backhaul for Small Office Mesh d.High-speed mesh backhaul e.Enterprise backhaul f.Backhaul for hot spots 18

19. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 19 19 Usage Model 4b: High-Speed Building to Building Bridging Traffic Conditions: Two bridges carry traffic with multiple QoS categories. Each end of the bridge link is 100% used. Equal amount of traffic to both directions.??? Use Case: 1.Network administrators / IT installers set up the Wireless Bridge equipment and connect to the wired backbone (typically Gb Ethernet backbone) 2.Wireless Building to Building bridge gets integrated into the overall LAN / Campus network infrastructure 3.The fact that a segment of the LAN backbone is running over a wireless B to B link is largely transparent to the end user. Pre-Conditions: Wireless bridges are installed on rooftops and building eaves to supply broadband connections to other buildings of fibre infrastructure Application: Traffic is bidirectional and is comprised of voice, video and data. High Definition Video is compressed using something like a MPEG2 codec. Voice is high definition using a codec like GIPS iPCM-wb. Video requirements are: ~20Mbps, jitter is <50 msec, delay is < 50msec, 1.0E-5 PER. Voice requirements are: ~100Kbps, Jitter <10msec. Delay <10msec. 1.0E-2 PER. Environment: Outdoor regular bridging 100 meters to 1500 meters between outdoor wireless bridges. Typically Line of Sight channels are used. There is some unmanageable interference around the area.

20. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 20 Category 5: Outdoor Campus / Auditorium deployments a.Video Demos or Tele-presence in Auditoriums/Lecture Halls b.Public Safety Mesh c.Campus-wide and municipal deployments 20

21. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 21 21 Usage Model 5b: Public Safety Mesh – Incident Area Networking Traffic Conditions: Traffic conditions can be harsh due to other Wi-Fi networks operating in same environment. IAN environment will typically require dedicated spectrum (e.g. 4.9GHz in US) or require a spectrum allocation policy among first responders. Traffic patterns based on applications described in applications section. Use Case: 1.First responder shows up at disaster zone, with a set of pre-configured Mesh APs (incl. power supply) 2.Mesh AP’s get deployed throughout the incident area 3.Public internet access gets established (optional) 4.Responders from various agencies obtain access to the Wi-Fi Mesh IAN, to support their applications 5. Mesh networking managers repeatedly reposition Mesh APs to achieve most appropriate coverage and network availability 6.Network gets torn down when disaster response activities are terminated. Pre-Conditions: Public Safety Agency owns a number of pre-configured WLAN Mesh Access Points. At the site of a public safety incident (e.g. Chemical plant explosion, earthquake zone, hurricane disaster zone), public safety agencies rapidly roll out a Wi-Fi Mesh network for Broadband data networking. Application: The Wi-Fi Mesh network provides broadband data networking access to large numbers of emergency responders across multiple agencies. Depending on the geographic area and size of the incident, up to several hundred responders may be active in the area of a single IAN. The number of Mesh hops up to access to the public internet can be quite large, and in practice will be constrained by the throughput availability and other capabilities of the VHT Mesh points. Applications using the network include: email, compressed SD and HD video, video conferencing, web browsing, GIS apps access, non mission critical voice. Throughput requirements for heavily loaded Mesh ‘trunks’ are in the 1 Gbps range ( based on multiple video streams per user). QoS support is essential. Environment: Environments can be highly variable; e.g. largely indoor, urban canyon, inside mine, largely outdoor, mix of indoor and outdoor. Range/throughput expectation is high; deployment optimized for maximum coverage, with minimum amount of Mesh APs, supporting required usage scenario

22. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 22 22 Usage Model 5b: Public Safety Mesh – Examples of Specific Application Requirements Video Requirements: HD compressed video: ~20Mbps, jitter is <50 msec, delay is < 50msec, 1.0E-5 PER SD compressed video: ~5Mbps, jitter is <200 msec, delay is < 200msec, 1.0E-4 PER. 10 HD streams and 20 SD streams for aggregate bandwidth of 10*20Mbps + 20*5Mbps = 300Mbps. Voice Requirements: Standard quality voice streams: : ~50Kbps. Jitter <10msec. Delay <10msec. 1.0E-2 PER. 30 calls yields aggregate bandwidth requirement of 30*50Kbps = 1.5Mbps.

23. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 23 Category 6: Manufacturing Floor Automation Factory floor within large metallic buildings. Applications have a large variance in data transfer size, time sensitivity, and reliability. 23

24. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 24 24 Usage Model 6: Manufacturing Floor Automation Traffic Conditions: Hundreds or thousands of independent links and data streams with varying QoS, reliability, and throughput, requirements. Aggregate data flows range into multiple Gbps requirements. Use Case: 1. Multiple systems in factory; starting, stopping, and flowing network traffic in a largely asynchronous environment. 2. Some data flows have significant integrity requirements (large material-handling machines; cranes, crawlers, etc.) 3. Some data flows have significant QoS requirements (VoIP, Video streams, etc.) 4. Factory is VERY electrically noisy; spark-gap noise (electric motors, etc.), microwave ovens, other technologies (RFID, RTLS, etc.), and competing 802.x wireless systems. Pre-Conditions: A WLAN is operational in manufacturing space that has hundreds to thousands of individual tasks happening each minute. Many of these tasks require communications. Application: All types of information required to run large manufacturing floor. Large variances in data transfer size, time sensitivity, and reliability exist. Here are some examples: Streaming of live or CAD video requires high throughput, time sensitive, and reliable transfers. Standard definition voice requires lower bandwidth and time sensitive transfers; reliability is less of a concern. Machine-machine communications, robotic material handling requires high reliability but is less time sensitive. Data loading machines is high bandwidth but low in time sensitivity. Application layer protocols would ensure reliability. Environment: Communication is within a large metallic building. High reverberation, long propagation distances (10’s~100’s meters), long delay spreads. Constantly moving equipment changing RF propagation channel model.

25. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 25 25 Usage Model 6: Manufacturing Floor Automation – Specific Application Requirements Video Requirements: HD compressed video: ~20Mbps, jitter is <50 msec, delay is < 50msec, 1.0E-5 PER SD compressed video: ~5Mbps, jitter is <200 msec, delay is < 200msec, 1.0E-4 PER. 10 HD streams and 20 SD streams for aggregate bandwidth of 10*20Mbps + 20*5Mbps = 300Mbps. Voice Requirements: Standard quality voice streams: ~50Kbps. Jitter <10msec. Delay <10msec. 1.0E-2 PER. 30 calls yields aggregate bandwidth requirement of 30*50Kbps = 1.5Mbps.

26. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2988r0 Submission December 20, 2007 Myles / De Vegt Wi-Fi AllianceSlide 26 Next Steps WFA VHT Group would like to receive feedback from the IEEE VHT SG members regarding: –Completeness of the list of Usage Model Categories –Completeness of the list of Usage Models –Format for documenting the Use Models WFA VHT Group to create final version of the Usage Model document for WFA BoD approval and submission at the March IEEE meeting.