1. The Immune System - The Players (not to scale): neutrophils Monocytes/ macrophages T-cellsB-cells The Defense: The enemy: bacteriavirus Virally-infected host cell Foreign protein, carbohydrate, lipid Granules with digestive enzymes Fragment of enemy after engulfment T cell receptor MM MM interleukins antibodies Interleukins

2. Experiment - Hans Seyle Inject: organic extract; formaldehyde; Response: ↑ size adrenals ↓ size thymus Stimuli: crowding; noise Response: ↑ size adrenals ↓ size thymus does increase cortisol from adrenals cause decrease immune response (IR)? Ex: 1

3. HPA AXIS

4. Inject: strep. Cell walls Response: Inject: strep cell walls Response: Inject 1: strep cell wall plus anti-inflammatory drug (stop CRH release from hypothalmus), Response: rats die Why? ________________ Inject 2: as above but then + cortisol Response? _________ Conclusion: ______________________ Lewis Rats: susceptible to arthritis/inflammation Fisher Rats: resistant to arthritis/inflammation Ex: 2 ++++ IR, that does not attenuate, giving rise to arthritis symptoms normal IR, that does attenuate, no arthritis symptoms

5. Inject: Day 0, horse RBC Response: Normal IR with antibody and T cell activation Inject: then day 6, sheep RBC Response: No IR Why? Conclusion: Inject: Day 0, horse RBC Response: normal IR Inject: then day 6, sheep RBC Response: normal IR Normal mice Adrenonectomized mice (remove adrenal glands) Ex. 3 Inject: bacterial cell wall into belly Response: IL1 made in brain Inject: IL1 into belly or blood Response: cortisol, ACTH increase Conclusion: Ex. 4

6. Inject: MS protein Response: extensive MS symptoms Inject: MS protein Response? Conclusion: Ex. 5 First remove adrenals then protein elicit MS symptoms + steroid pellet implants