1. Powerpoint Templates Page 1 Powerpoint Templates Rich and Poor and Those in Between Charlotte AllenLindsey Dudek Sanveer Chhina Dylan VasquezTravis McDonald

2. Powerpoint Templates Page 2 Social Structure Industrialization and urbanization cause changes in social structure 1.Wages increased 2.A major increase in the standard living Upper class Upper middle Class Middle middle class Lower middle class Lower class

3. Powerpoint Templates Page 3 Social Structure cont… The increase in wages did not help ease poverty or create equality between the rich and poor –The richest 5% of all households received 33% of national income –The richest 20% received 50-60% –The entire bottom 80% received only 40-50% The bottom 30% of that received 10% of less The middle class was less than 20% of the population –The upper and middle classes received more that 50% of income The poorest 80%(the working classes) received less together than the upper and middle classes. Income taxes on the wealth were light or nonexistent –Causing the gap between rich and poor to be even greater

4. Powerpoint Templates Page 4 Distribution of Income Richest 5%Richest 10% Richest 20% Richest 60% Britain43%59% Denmark30%39%55%31% Prussia30%50%33%

5. Powerpoint Templates Page 5 The Middle Classes There was diversity and range in the urban middle class. Loosely united by jobs requiring mental skill instead of physical.

6. Powerpoint Templates Page 6 Upper Middle Class Composed of most successful business families. –Banking –Industry –Large scale commence Lost radical spirit as earned more money Drawn towards aristocratic lifestyle Purchased country palaces and built beach houses for weekend and summer use Number of servants was an important indicator of wealth –Private coaches and carriages –Expensive items from the city Most of the class was old aristocracy –Aristocracy welcomed –Decline in income for aristocracy caused them to trade titles and other reared –Some bargains were made through marriages to American Heiresses

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8. Powerpoint Templates Page 8 Middle Middle Class Larger Less wealth Very diversified Moderately successful industrialists, merchants, and professionals in law and medicine

9. Powerpoint Templates Page 9 Lower Middle Class Independent shoe keepers, small traders, and tiny manufacturers Important additions – expansion of industry and technology –Growing –Solid middle class professions Architects, chemist, accountants, and surveyors –Criteria for advanced

10. Powerpoint Templates Page 10 Middle Class Culture The middle class people were mixed through their style of life and culture –Food and dining was a common passion throughout the people –They spent large portions of their time and money on food and parties Wives were responsible for the meals and dishes, but hey had servants and large amounts of money to use –She could hire help around the house The greater the income, the more slaves a family would have –50% went to food and slaves alone Middle class people were well fed, served and house by 1900 –By this time the middle class was also concerned about their clothes

11. Powerpoint Templates Page 11 Middle Class Culture cont… Middle class parents also wanted to provide education for their children The middle class was also united through their expectancy of behavior and morality –They focused on work and discipline –Strict and demanding –They became more clean and pure to topics like gambling and alcohol

12. Powerpoint Templates Page 12 The Working Classes 4/5 of Europe’s population belonged to the working class There was a hierarchy within the working class Highly skilled workers who made up about 15% of the working class became a labor aristocracy a)The most “aristocratic” were construction bosses and factory foremen, men who had risen in rank

13. Powerpoint Templates Page 13 The Working Classes Cont. The upper working class adopted distinctive values a)They saved money for their children’s education and valued good housing b)Practiced self discipline c)Frowned on heavy drinking & sexual permissiveness

14. Powerpoint Templates Page 14 Working Classes Cont. A large number of semiskilled workers were factory workers Unskilled workers had various jobs including wagon-driving teamsters and shore men a)Most were domestic servants, they endured hard work with low wages and the danger of sexual exploitation Aristocracy Middle classes Upper Middle Lower Working classes Highly skilled Semiskilled Unskilled

15. Powerpoint Templates Page 15 Working Class Leisure Urban working class looked for fun and recreation –Drinking was very popular Although some moralist found drinking a curse and a sign of social dislocation and suffering It created problems in the home In late 19 th century it became less accepted socially –It was still common and pubs were more frequent –Couples going drinking was accepted –Sports and music became other sources of entertainment Cruel sports such as bullbaiting and cock fighting had declined Spectator sports such as racing and soccer took their place Gambling became more frequent and taught literacy Music halls that had opera and classical theater had shows appealing with the upper middle class

16. Powerpoint Templates Page 16 Working Class Religion Religion gave working people solace and meaning –The early 19 th century is seen as a religious revival, but by the end of the century attendance and donations had declined The decline was with mostly the urban working class than the rural class The decline was possibly caused by churches not expanding with the people Catholic and Protestant churches were seen as conservative institutions controlling social order and customs