1. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-1 Chapter 3. Presenting Data

2. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-2 Outline GIS Concepts –Basic principles of map designBasic principles of map design –Choosing symbolsChoosing symbols –Choosing coordinate systemsChoosing coordinate systems About ArcGIS –Page layouts and map scalesPage layouts and map scales –Labeling and annotationLabeling and annotation –Adding map elementsAdding map elements –Reviewing and printingReviewing and printing –Making a simple graphMaking a simple graph

3. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-3 Basic principles of map design

4. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-4 Map Design Process Determine the objectives of the map. Decide on the data layers to be included. Plan a layout. Choose colors and symbols. Create the map.

5. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-5 Questions to consider Who will be using the map? Under what circumstances will the map be used? Is the map likely to be copied or faxed? What objectives should the map achieve? How sensitive is the map information?

6. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-6 Choosing layers Which layers are important? How can you ensure legibility?

7. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-7 Planning the layout Poor design Better design

8. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-8 Basic principles for balance Maximize size of map relative to titles, legends, etc. Distribute elements evenly on the page, avoiding blank or cluttered areas Align straight edges and use neatlines to enclose map elements

9. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-9 Choosing symbols

10. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-10 Choosing symbols Natural earth tones usually look better than strident colors Use pastels for most of map; use bold colors sparingly for emphasis Take advantage of the psychological aspects of different colors and symbols Mimic phenomena, such as using blue to represent water Make ramps easy to understand Apply emphasis with color, size, and thickness

11. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-11 Symbol psychology Where is the water? Where is there less rain? Which towns have more people? What’s there? Where’s the danger?

12. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-12 Vibrating Moiré pattern obscures roads Use see-through lines to indicate urban areas Symbol tricks

13. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-13 Choosing symbols Which one looks more aesthetic? Which one is easier to understand? Which one shows the roads better?

14. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-14 Improving a world map More pastels Natural colors Use ramp to indicate increasing population Emphasize the important information

15. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-15 Pay attention to details! Crowded Unclear name Abbreviations Poor formatting Much better!!!

16. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-16 Choosing coordinate systems

17. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-17 On-the-fly projection Data in UTM Data in State Plane Data in GCS Data frame coordinate system: Oregon Statewide Lambert Source layers have any CSSet data frame to desired CS

18. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-18 Types of coordinate systems Unprojected (GCS) –Geographic coordinate system –Based on spherical coordinates –Degrees of latitude and longitude Projected –Converts spherical coordinates to planar –Set of mathematical equations –Projects 3D coordinates to 2D map

19. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-19 GCS properties Measured in angular degrees Length of longitude degree varies with latitude Introduces distortion when portrayed in a plane as a GIS does Unsuitable as a mapping CS

20. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-20 Avoiding GCS when mapping A map using a Geographic Coordinate system (GCS) appears distorted. Always use a projected coordinate system for mapping

21. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-21 CylindricalConicAzimuthal Types of projections

22. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-22 Distortion All map projections introduce distortion Type and degree of distortion varies with map projection When using a projection, one must take care to choose one with suitable properties Area Distance Shape Direction

23. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-23 About ArcGIS Chapter 3. Presenting Data

24. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-24 Page layouts and map scales

25. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-25 Map layouts Create hard copy maps Place titles, legends, scales, north arrows Include tables and graphs Add images or logos

26. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-26 The Layout toolbar Zoom tools Pan Zoom Centered Fit page Actual Size Previous/ Next Extent Enlarge Change Layout

27. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-27 Steps to Layouts Planning the map Setting up the map page and data frames Adding a legend Adding a scale bar Adding titles and text Adding objects Adding neatlines and backgrounds Adding graphics Printing the map

28. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-28 Visioning the map page Paper size? Landscape or Portrait? Data frames Size and position? Map scale? Margins Grid for aligning features Layout view

29. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-29 The Page Setup menu

30. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-30 Scaling the map Automatic scalingFixed scaleFixed extent Resize frame

31. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-31 Labeling and annotation

32. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-32 Labeling Options Simple labels –Placed by user individually Dynamic labels –Placed automatically for an entire layer Annotation –Created from dynamic labels –Stored permanently with feature class

33. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-33 Simple Labels

34. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-34 Multi-line labels

35. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-35 Dynamic Labels Turn on/off for entire layers Redrawn each time the map view changes Uses Autoplacement to ensure no overlaps between labels Unavoidable overlaps are discarded Can specify classes with own symbols Can specify placement priorities May change between screen and printing

36. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-36 Label properties

37. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-37 Placement Options polygons points lines

38. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-38 Conflict Detection Give different label classes different priorities Give different layers different priorities Set up white space buffer around labels

39. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-39 Labeling toolbar Set label priority Set label weight ranking

40. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-40 Label Manager Fast control of labels for all layers

41. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-41 Viewing unplaced labels

42. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-42 Reference scale Sizes of annotation and symbols are specified when they are created. By default they remain the same size as the user zooms in and out. If the user sets a reference scale, the symbols and text can change size. The reference scale is the scale at which symbols appear at their assigned size.

43. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-43 Using the reference scale If the reference scale is not set, then symbols always appear at their assigned size even if the map scale changes (user zooms in or out). If the reference scale is set, then symbols and text change size when the map scale changes. They only appear at their assigned size if the map scale once again matches the reference scale.

44. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-44 Don’t confuse these scale terms The map scale is the ratio of the map units to the ground units, e.g. 1:24,000. It changes when you zoom in or out. The display scale range controls whether a layer is visible only at certain scales. The reference scale is the scale at which symbols and text appear at their assigned size

45. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-45 Annotation Can be created from dynamic labels then edited individually Provides precise control of each label Can be stored two ways –As text in the map document Can be used only within that map document Simple editing using the Drawing toolbar –As a feature class in a geodatabase Can be used in many map documents Requires using the Editor to move and change

46. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-46 Prepare to create annotation Set up dynamic labels with desired properties and turn them on for the layer(s) Turn off labels for layers that should NOT be converted to annotation.

47. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-47 Overview of creating annotation 2.Place overflow labels 3.Edit annotation 1. Choose conversion options

48. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-48 Creating map annotation Created as graphics on the map page. Edit with the Drawing toolbar. Becomes part of the data frame.

49. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-49 Data frame annotation groups Annotation placed as text in the map becomes a part of the data frame. Open data frame properties to edit the annotation properties such as the reference scale. Use Remove Group to get rid of annotation

50. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-50 Creating feature annotation Use to set geodatabase to store it in The geodatabase must already exist. Don’t use the feature-linked option until you have learned about it. Is only available with and ArcEditor or ArcInfo license. Use Append to add more anno to an already existing feature class.

51. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-51 Feature annotation Becomes a new feature class Appears as a layer in the Table of Contents Remove it by removing layer Can add the feature class to as many map documents as you like Must use the Editor to modify it (Chapter 13)

52. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-52 Adding map elements

53. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-53 Adding a legend The Legend Wizard

54. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-54 Adding a scale bar

55. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-55 Scale properties Scale bar size is determined by division settings and the map scale Division unit Division Subdivision

56. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-56 Adding north arrow

57. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-57 Text and titles Earthquake Dea…

58. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-58 Pictures

59. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-59 Neatlines

60. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-60 Reviewing and printing

61. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-61 Printing maps

62. Return to Outline Copyright © 2009 by Maribeth H. Price 3-62 Export as picture file