1. Introduction to the Industrial Revolution “Workers Celebration Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad” Railroad workers gather in Promontory, Utah, to celebrate thecompletion of the first Transcontinental Railroad on May 10, 1869

2. 2 The Industrial Revolution What? Major change in the economy caused by the shift to industry with labor-saving machines Mechanization When? Really got going in America after the Civil War (1860s +)

3. 3 The Industrial Revolution Why? Eight reasons Really took off after the Civil War Ex. In 1840 US had 3,000 miles of track and by 1860 30,000 Started many business practices that made the Industrial Revolution possible Industrial Revolution Wheel Railroads Industrial Revolution Wheel

4. 4 New Lands Why? Eight reasons Federal government gives western land free to railroads to encourage businesses & settlement Railroads took farmers out to their land, carried their crops to market, & brought them manufactured goods Industrial Revolution Wheel Railroads New Lands

5. 5 Immigration Why? Eight reasons Industrial Revolution Wheel Railroads Railroad companies advertise in Europe to attract immigrants to new lands Most immigrants settle in cities, joining the urban industrial workforce New Lands Immi- gration

6. 6 Urbanization Why? Eight reasons Industrial Revolution Wheel Railroads Railroads made cities possible, providing them with the food they needed, raw materials, and new markets For 1st time, more people have non- farming than farming jobs New Lands Immi- gration Urbanization

7. 7 Thinking Slide: Which cause do you think is most important so far? Explain.

8. 8 Innovations and Inventions Why? Eight reasons Industrial Revolution Wheel Railroads Steel rails – safer and cheaper than iron New Lands Immi- gration Urbanization Innovations & Inventions More examples: Cash register, typewriter, refrigerator car, Telephone, Light bulb, Phonograph;

9. 9 New Business Practices Practices Why? Eight reasons Industrial Revolution Wheel Railroads “Pool” – agreement to divide the business in a given area and share the profits Where there is $ there is corruption and railroads introduced much of both New Lands Immi- gration Urbanization Innovations & Inventions New Business Practices

10. 10 Social Darwinism Why? Eight reasons Industrial Revolution Wheel Railroads “Survival of the Fittest” The rich have more money because they run better businesses New Lands Immi- gration Urbanization Innovations & Inventions New Business Practices Social Darwinism

11. 11 Laissez-Faire Why? Eight reasons Industrial Revolution Wheel Railroads Laissez-Faire “Hands Off!” Government did not interfere with the economy and businesses New Lands Immi- gration Urbanization Innovations & Inventions New Business Practices Social Darwinism Government Laissez -Faire

12. 12 Thinking Slide: Do you think we could use more “Laissez faire” economic policies today? Explain.