2. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

3. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

4. Organismes Single cell Multi cellular (2 + cells)

5. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

6. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

7. Cells There are two types of cells: Eukaryotic Prokaryotic

8. Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, (ex. bacteria) http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

9. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms PlantAnimal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

10. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

11. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif “Typical” Plant Cell

12. Cell Parts Organelles

13. Surrounding the Cell

14. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

15. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

16. Inside the Cell

17. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

19. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

20. Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

21. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

22. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

23. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

24. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

25. Cell Parts and Functions Cilia Short hair-like projections Used for movement Location: outside of cell Flagella Long whip-like tail Used for movement Location: outside of cell

26. Centrioles Organelle responsible for production of spinal fibres during the division of the cell.

27. Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

28. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

29. Cell Parts and Functions Nucleolus (Nucleoli) Makes ribosomes Location: inside the nucleus (dark spot) Nuclear Membrane Protects nucleus Lets things in/out of nucleus (pores) Location: around nucleus cell

30. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

31. DNA ( Deoxyribonucleic acid ) – genetic material - It is called chromatin when it is wound up.

32.  A chromosome is a structure composed of DNA.

33. Chromosomes In the nucleus Is made up of DNA Contains the instructions for our traits and characteristics. A lot of chromatin makes up chromosomes.

34. Each chromosome has a different form. Humanes have 46 chromosomes in the form of 23 pairs found in the nucleus of each of our cells.

35. Chromosomes are particularly visibles during the division process of the cell. Different species have different numbers of chromosomes. - Humans have 46 - Chicken have 78 - Mosquito have 6 - Rice has 24

36. Segments of DNA determine a particular hereditary trait. A gene is on a specific spot on each chromosome.

39. Plant vs. Animal Cell http://www.cellsalive.com/

40. Animal Cell

41. Plant Cell