1. Unit 2

2.  Biological Anthropology seeks to understand the role of biology in understanding human culture

3.  Biological anthropologists seek to answer two sets of questions:  The first deal with where humans (Homo sapiens) come from (human paleontology).

4.  The second set of questions deals with how and why contemporary human populations differ biologically ( human variation)

5.  Carlos Linnaeus Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

6.  Linnaeus placed humans, apes, and monkeys in the same order (primates).

8.  Charles Darwin developed the theory of Natural Selection. Natural selection is a process that increases the frequency of adaptive traits thought time.

9.  Darwin rejected the theory that species were created in one fixed form. He believed natural selection influenced evolution.

10.  Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859.

11.  Natural selection increases adaptive traits relative to the environment  Adaptive traits are those that increase an organisms chances of survival.

14.  What is adaptive in one environment is maladaptive in another (i.e. gills).

15.  Evolution and natural selection act on populations not individual animals.

16. Three things are needed for natural selection to take place: 1. Variation 2. Heritability 3. Differential reproductive success

18.  Gregor Mendel

19.  Mendel identified that some traits are dominant and others are recessive.

20.  Genotype- an organism’s genetic make up  Phenotype – an organism's physical appearance

26.  What are your thoughts about the following museum in Kentucky? (4 Lines)

27.  The allele of a gene pair that is always expressed is Dominant  Adaptation can occur culturally or biologically

28.  One issue that was never in doubt at the Scopes Trial was the theory of Evolution

29.  Genes are the chemical unit of heredity.  Genes are contained inside Chromosomes.

30.  Chromosomes are paired rod- shaped structures within a cell’s nucleus.  Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).

31.  What do you think would happen if your DNA randomly changed?

32.  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule in the genes that directs an organism’s make up.

33.  The bases that compose DNA always occur in the same pairs:  Adenine with Thymine  Guanine and Cytosine  Adenine and Uracil (in RNA)

35.  Mitosis – cell reproduction  Meiosis – sex cell reproduction

37.  Mutation – a change in the DNA sequence that produces an altered gene.

38. Sources of Variability

40.  Genetic Recombination- the varied distribution of traits from parent to child

41.  Genetic drift – the various random process that affect gene frequencies in small isolated populations.

42.  Gene flow – the process by which genes pass from one population to another

43.  A species can reproduce viable offspring.  Speciation is the development of new species

44.  Sociobiology – interested in social behavior.  Behavioral ecology – interested in how behavior is related to the environment.  Evolutionary psychology – interested in how evolution influenced human behavior.

45.  Type 3- State the cases for and against evolution using your notes in class. (10 Sentences)