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Chapter 2 Motion in One Dimension Section 1 Displacement and Velocity
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Motion Motion happens all around us in different directions and different speeds. One – dimensional motion is the simplest form of motion. Example : Commuter train can move only forward and backward along the straight track.
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Frame of Reference Motion takes place over time and depends on frame of reference. Frame of Reference – what you use to measure changes in position.
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Displacement Displacement is a change in position. (Final – Initial) Displacement is NOT the same as distance traveled. Displacement has a direction. Right and Up is (+) Left and Down is (-) Displacement
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Velocity Average Velocity is displacement of an object (Δx) divided by time interval (Δt). Average Velocity can be positive or negative depending on the sign of the displacement. If displacement is negative, avg. velocity is negative. Time interval is ALWAYS positive
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Guided Practice Open Books to pg. 44
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Velocity is not the same as speed. Velocity describes motion with direction and magnitude (numerical value); Speed ONLY has magnitude. Ex: 55 m/s and 55 m/s North Velocity Vs. Speed
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Velocity can be interpreted graphically…
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The motion of an object moving with constant velocity will provide a straight-line graph of position versus time. The slope of this graph indicates the average velocity.
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Section 2 Acceleration Chapter 2 One Dimensional Motion
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2-2 Acceleration Acceleration measures the rate of change in velocity. Has Magnitude & Direction. SI Units : m/s 2 Three ways to Accelerate: Object Speeding Up Object Slowing Down Object Changing Direction
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Let’s Practice with Average Acceleration... Sample Problem 2B Pg. 49 in your books.
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Acceleration The slope and shape of a graph plotting velocity vs. time describes the object’s acceleration. When velocity on graph is increasing : acceleration is positive decreasing : acceleration is negative constant : there is no acceleration
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Velocity Vs. Time Graphs
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Kinematic Formulas
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Formulas in Textbook on Pg. 58
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Section 3 Falling Objects Chapter 2 One Dimensional Motion
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Free Fall Free fall is acceleration due to gravity. Free fall acceleration is constant. Magnitude of free fall is 9.81 m/s 2 Direction of free fall is directed downward. negative direction (-) Free fall is denoted with the symbol g. (Sometimes may be ‘a’ for acceleration due to gravity)
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Free Fall In a vacuum, in the absence of air resistance, all objects fall at the same rate.
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What goes up must come down. What causes an object that has been thrown up into the air to come back down? Free-Fall Acceleration due to gravity is always directed downward and pulling an object towards Earth’s surface.
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Recall Information Remember we learned about a formula that can be used to find final velocity at ANY displacement… v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔx (time is not needed) We use this same formula but we change x to y v f 2 = v i 2 + 2aΔy
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Guided Practice Open books to pg. 63 Sample Problem 2F
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