1. Chapter 45 Hormones and the Endocrine System

3. Overview Metamorphosis – controlled by hormones Hormones – secreted into extracellular fluid/circulates in blood or hemolymph/communicates regulatory *messages *only target cells have receptors

4. Overview(con’t) Hormones regulate – reproduction, growth, metabolism, behavior

5. 45.1 Hormones and other signaling molecules bind to target receptors, triggering specific response pathways Types of Secreted Signaling Molecules 1. Hormones – endocrine vs exocrine 2. Local Regulators – paracrine vs autocrine signaling 3. Neurotransmitters and Neurohormones - synapse 4. Pheromones

6. Intercellular Signaling

7. Synaptic Signaling

8. Neurohormones

9. Pheromones

10. Chemical Classes of Hormones 1. polypeptides 2. amines 3. steroid hormones Water soluble or lipid soluble http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/cont ent/chp42/4202s.swf http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/cont ent/chp42/4202s.swf Center for BioMolecular Modeling Action of Epinephrine on a Liver Cell Thyroid Hormone Animation

11. Scientific Inquiry Location of receptors and their interaction with hormones??? Rats and estradiol(radioactive form) Frogs and melanocyte-stimulating hormone(MSH) Fig. 45.4 – What if?

12. Multiple Effects of Hormones Water-soluble hormone – tissues vary in response due to different receptors or signal transduction pathways Fig. 45.8 p. 980 Lipid-soluble hormone – different effect on different target cells Ex) estrogen - different effect in different species Ex) thyroxine

13. Signaling by Local Regulators Cytokines Growth factors Nitric oxide Prostaglandins

14. Nitric Oxide

15. Aspirin and prostaglandins

16. 45.2 Negative feedback and antagonistic hormone pairs A) Simple Hormone Pathways – low pH in duodenum  secretin  pancreas  bicarbonate  reduction in stimulus B) Insulin and Glucagon – an antagonistic pair – see Fig. 45.12 p. 983 - alpha and beta cells of pancreas

17. Control of Blood Glucose

18. Diabetes Mellitus Deficiency in insulin or a decreased response to insulin Type I – autoimmune/insulin dependent/destroys beta cells Type II – heredity and excess body weight/target cells are non-responsive http://professional.diabetes.org/admin/Use rFiles/0%20- %20Sean/FastFacts%20March%202013.pdf http://professional.diabetes.org/admin/Use rFiles/0%20- %20Sean/FastFacts%20March%202013.pdf