3. TheReconquest  Long process (8th – 15th century)  European Christian helpedtheSpanish Christian KingdomsarmiestowinterritoryfromtheMuslims.  Therewereimportantbattlessuch as Navas de Tolosa in 1212.  Granada wasconqueredonJanuary 2nd, 1492

4. Asturias and León Pelayo waschosen as theking of thevisigothswhotookrefuge in thenorth of theIberianPeninsula. In 722 theirtroopsdefeatedtheMuslims at theBattle of Covadonga. TheCourtwasestablished in Oviedo and begantoexpandtheirterritory. In 10th centurythe capital was moved to León.

5. Pelayo Battleof Covadonga

6.  Activity 1 page 57

8. SpanishMarchandCarolingian Empire

9. 4. How didthe Christian Kingdomsadvance?

10. The Duero River :  During 9th - 10th century, the Christian kingdmosadvancedsouth.  Groupsofpeasantscolonisedthelandandformedsmallvillages (repopulation) Duringthe 11th and 12th century, the Christian kingdoms extended beyongthe River Tajo (remember, Al- Andaluswasdividedandpaid parias totheC.K.) Kings encourageemigrationtotownsorcitiesgivingprivilegescalled fue ros. Duringthe 13th century militaryorders recievedlands in Extremadura and Andalucía. Theyfarmedsheeps.

11. 4. How didthe Christian Kingdomsadvance? Tajo and Ebro valleysDuero valley

13.  Activity 1 page 60

15. Toledo, Synagogue

16. Mudejar (muslims in christian territories)

17. Catedral gótica, León

18. 5. How did the crown of Castile evolve?  The crown of Castile  1085, they conquered Toledo  After Navas de Tolosa (1212) conquered almost all Andalucía.  12th century Portugal became independent.  1230, Castile and León united and found the Crown of Castile.  Government  Same institutions and laws.  Great power of the King (make laws, declare war)  Economy and society  Agriculture and stockbreeding  Honourable Council of Mesta

20.  Activity 1 page 62

21. 6. How did the Crown of Aragón evolve?

22.  The Crown of Aragón  It was created after the marriage of the daugther of the king of Aragon and the Count of Barcelona.  After that, the first king of Aragón, Alfonso I the Battler conquered Zaragoza and the Ebro valley.  Then the kingdom expanded to Valencia, Murcia and the Balearic Islands and around the Mediterranean (Sicily, Sardinia, Naples and places of Greece)  Government  Each territory kept its own instituttions and custom.  The king was less powerfull than Castile. He could not establish new taxes or laws with out the permission of the Cortes.  Economy  Agriculture and trade