1. MATTER
Mr. Atom

2. Results Answer your own questions
Use this information to answer the key question
Use the key words in a crossword – meanings as cues.
Put all of this research into a booklet for Year six students to read

4. What is the relationship between solids, liquids and gases?
What do I need to know to answer this key question?
Where can I find this information?
What other information would be relevant when answering the key question?

5. What do you already know about Matter? What do you need to know?
QUESTIONS
What do you already know about Matter?
What do you need to know?
The following slides, the caves, the Matter video and library will help you find the information.
Write your own research questions.

6. Gathering Information
The following slides will help you gather information to answer the big question.
Use the list of key words to help you. Write down what you find out about these words next to the words.
Go to the caves- Room 10 under murphy- password and gather relevant information

7. KEY WORDS
matter
state
condensation
substance
melting
freezing
material
boiling
solidify
chemical
atom
sublimation
particles
diffusion
vapour
solids
mixing
energy
liquids
three
mixtures
gases
evaporation
dissolved
changes
steam
temperatures

8. Introduction
The world is made up of all kinds of ‘stuff’.
Some occur naturally, some have been made by a combination of materials.
Scientists use the words substance, matter, material and chemical instead of the word ‘stuff’.
‘Stuff’ is made up of very tiny particles.
The smallest particle that can exist and still be ‘stuff’ is called an atom.

9. Solids, Liquids and Gases
All substances are made of matter.
Matter is classified into three states: solid, liquid and gas.
The differences between the states depend on:
How tightly the particles are packed together
How much the particles are moving around

10. MATTER Liquid water, Oil petrol Gas oxygen Methane helium Solid wood
Examples:
water,
Oil
petrol
Gas
Examples:
oxygen
Methane
helium
Solid
Examples:
wood
metal
plastic

11. The particles are the same size in all three states
The particles are the same size in all three states. Differences are due to the spaces between the particles.

12. Characteristics of the three states of Matter.
SOLIDS
LIQUIDS
GASES
fixed shape
fixed volume
cannot be
compressed
Particles are
held together
strongly & don’t
move. ( just vibrate slightly)
no fixed shape- fill their container from bottom up
can be compressed only slightly
particles are held together very weakly and move around
no fixed shape or volume – spread out to fill all the available space
Particles are not held together or attracted to each other
easily compressed
particles are far apart and moving rapidly

13. WATER IN THREE DIFFERENT STATES Drinks served in a restaurant involve all three states of matter
Lemonade is mostly water
Steam from hot coffee
Ice in Lemonade

14. When something changes state, heat is always added or removed
CHANGES OF STATE
When something changes state, heat is always added or removed
Water can be a solid (ice)
a liquid (water)
or a gas (water vapour)

15. CHANGES OF STATE ice water Heat added Heat added MELTING EVAPORATION
WATER VAPOUR
water
ice
Heat added
MELTING
Heat added
EVAPORATION
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
CONDENSING
Heat removed

16. Heating causes evaporation and boiling of liquids to form gases
EVAPORATION occurs when a liquid changes to a gas.
Water evaporates to form a water vapour, a gas. The particles in water are constantly moving around. Some of those moving towards the water surface have enough energy to escape

17. Evaporation of water occurs slowly at low temperatures but is much faster at higher temperatures
When water is heated the first bubbles seen are dissolved gases escaping.
At higher temperatures water particles have more energy and move faster, (cont.)
Heating causes evaporation and boiling of liquids to form gases

18. Changes of state continued
At higher temperatures more water particles have enough energy to escape from the surface of the water – evaporation occurs more quickly.
As heating continues, bubbles of water vapour form in the water and quickly rise to the surface
Water is said to be boiling when it bubbles rapidly. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees C.
The water vapour is now steam.

19. CONDENSATION
If steam from a saucepan of boiling water or water vapour from a hot shower cools it turns back into water, the liquid state.
THIS IS CALLED CONDENSATION

20. Changes of state continued
Ice usually melts at 0 degrees C, this is called its melting point.
If water is called enough it will freeze ( sometimes called solidify).
The freezing point of water is the same as the melting point, o degrees C.

21. SUBLIMATION
A few solids do not melt to become liquids when heated but instead turn directly into a gas.
With cooling, the gas turns into a solid’
THIS IS CALLED SUBLIMATION

22. SUBLIMATION
Iodine crystals sublime.
When the purple iodine gas touches a cool surface, a solid, not a liquid, forms.
Another substance that sublimes is carbon dioxide. At temperatures below -78 degrees C it turns into a white solid called ‘dry ice’. Heated to above -78 degrees C it turns into a colourless gas.

23. DRY ICE
Dry ice is used to produce ‘smoke’ for special effects.
The smoke is actually tiny droplets of water vapour which condense from the air as the dry ice sublimes.

24. MELTING AND BOILING POINTS
No two substances have the same melting and boiling points.
Melting points can be used to identify substances.
Melting and boiling points can also be used to tell whether a substance is pure or impure
Impure substances usually melt over a range of several degrees below the melting point of the impure substance.
Pure water freezes at 0 degrees C.
Sea water freezes at -2 degrees C and boils at 102 degrees C.

25. Pure Substances and Mixtures
A pure substance has just one type of chemical in it.
A mixture has two or more different chemicals in it.
SOLUTIONS ARE
MIXTURES

26. Solutions are Mixtures

27. WHITE HAT
The white hat While wearing the white hat, think about the facts, figures and information that you have gathered about matter.
What have you found out about Matter?

28. The Red Hat
The red hat is for
feelings and emotions.
How have you felt
about this research
about Matter?
What are your feelings about this study?

29. YELLOW HAT
The yellow hat The yellow hat is for optimism and positive views of things. What positive aspects of Matter have you identified?

30. THE GREEN HAT
The green hat The green hat is for creative thinking, new ideas and additional alternatives. Putting on the green hat makes time and space for creative effort.
What new ideas and creative aspects of life have you found in your study of Matter?

31. THE BLACK HAT
When you wear the black hat you are thinking about negative issues or problems.
What problems or issues about matter have you had difficulty coming to terms with?

32. THE BLUE HAT
The blue hat asks you to draw all this thinking together, summarise what you have found, and draw conclusions about Matter.
Do you think there might more discoveries about matter in the year 2010?
What issues might arise from these discoveries for young people in the future?
How might science change and grow?

33. Results Answer your own questions
Use this information to answer the key question
Use the key words in a crossword – meanings as cues.
Put all of this research into a booklet for Year six students to read