2. States of Matter

3. SOLIDS Particles are packed closely together Particles vibrate but do not move past each other Particles are geometrically arranged Have a definite shape and volume

4. Liquids Have more kinetic energy than solids Molecules can slide past each other Have a definite volume but not a definite shape

5. Gases Have more kinetic energy than liquids or solids Molecules are spread far apart from each other Do not have a fixed volume or shape

6. Plasma Have so much kinetic energy that the atoms have come apart into electrons, neutrons, and protons The matter in stars is plasma

7. States of Matter List the states of matter –Arrange them in order from least energy to most energy Draw a picture that illustrates how states of matter are related to its energy

8. Phase Changes Solid to liquid is melting Liquid to solid is freezing Liquid to gas is evaporation Gas to liquid is condensation Solid to gas is sublimation

9. Phase changes Does the energy of substance increase or decrease when it melts? Draw a picture to illustrate the change in energy of a substance melting.

10. Phase changes Does the energy of a substance increase or decrease when it freezes? Draw a picture to illustrate the change in energy of a substance freezing.

11. The melting point of these Ice cubes is 0 degrees Celcius Water from the air is Condensing on the Outside of the glass Water condenses When it reaches temperature s below 100 degrees Celcius “Melting Point” is the same Temperature as “Freezing Point”

12. When the water reaches its boiling point of 100 degrees Celsius, it will evaporate Water in the gaseous state is called water vapor. Steam is actually tiny droplets of liquid water

13. Sublimation of Dry Ice Dry Ice is solid carbon dioxide. At room temperature, it turns from a solid directly to a gas, completely skipping the liquid phase!!

14. What is Matter?

15. Matter is a term that describes anything that has mass and volume (takes up space). CLASSIFYING MATTER

18. Matter can be divided into 2 categories: 1. Mixtures 2. Substances

19. 1. MIXTURES Mixtures contain more than one kind of matter. There are 2 kinds of mixtures.

20. HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE A mixture that is the same throughout. Examples: coffee brass air

21. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE A mixture in which different samples are not necessarily the same. Examples: chicken soup salad dressing

22. All mixtures share one common property: They can be separated by ordinary physical methods. Examples: sorting, filtering, solubility, magnetic properties, density, heating, or cooling.

23. 2. SUBSTANCES Substances cannot be separated by physical methods. Examples: saltgold

24. ELEMENTS Some substances are elements and contain only one kind of matter (atoms). They cannot be separated by ordinary chemical or physical methods. Examples: See the periodic table for a complete list of the elements! silver helium

25. COMPOUNDS Compounds contain two or more kinds of matter (atoms), but cannot be separated without changing the substance. Examples: watersugar

26. So… all mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous and all substances are either elements or compounds.