1. www.ag-physics.org 1 The Origin of Mass: - Inertial Mass - Bonn 2010 by Albrecht Giese, Hamburg The Origin of Mass 1

2. www.ag-physics.org 2 Sir Arthur Eddington: in “ The Philosophy of Physical Science” 2 ‘ The Origin of Mass The mathematical stage was reached:  For relativity in 1905 – 1907 (Einstein – Minkowski)  For QM and so for particle physics in 1927 (Solvay conference) … in physics everything depends on the insight with which the ideas are handled before they reach the mathematical stage.

3. www.ag-physics.org 3 Contents 1.The particle model: Particles are expanded - how do we know? 2.The inertia of an expanded system - the general mechanism 3 ‘ The Origin of Mass

4. www.ag-physics.org 4 “Zitterbewegung” (Schrödinger for the electron) Completed  Structure of an Elementary Particle: ‘ No conflict with the experiments (de Broglie 1924 ) (Dirac / Schrödinger 1928/30) (Relativity) (Momentum law) orbit (Spin, mag. moment) This is called here the Basic Particle Model valid for every elementary particle The Origin of Mass 4

5. www.ag-physics.org 5 Basic Mechanism of Mass 5 ‘ The Origin of Mass Every expanded system has inevitably an inertial behaviour; even if the constituents do not have any mass Cause is the finite speed of light ‘c’

6. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 6 Static field of a point charge ‘ The Origin of Mass 6 U

7. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 7 Field of a moving charge ‘ The Origin of Mass 7 U

8. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 8 Bind of Particles at Distance ‘ The Origin of Mass 8 Note: The binding force is the strong force Potential

9. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 9 Bind of Particles at distance in motion ‘ F rr rr F The Origin of Mass 9

10. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 10 The Mass Equation ‘ The classical magnetic moment:    Or both equations combined: = Bohr magneton in case of the electron universally valid for all elem. particles Radius R computed from the magnetic moment  and then inserted above  the correct mass m universal for all elem. particles! The Origin of Mass 10

11. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 11 Mass and Increase of Mass ‘ Relativistic increase of mass: From  Spin: Classical angular momentum Putting the object to motion:  (popular ) is constant The Origin of Mass 11

12. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 12 Magnetic Moment of the Electron (Anomaly) ‘ g = Landé-factor of the electron The Basic Particle Model has to be corrected by the contribution of the electric field to the strong field. The contribution is: The Landé-factor determined by Julian Schwinger 1948 using vacuum polarization (Noble prize 1965): The Origin of Mass 12 Magnetic moment of the electron without vacuum polarization or any other QM contribution

13. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 13 The physical meaning of ħ and  ‘ From the equations: where we get which depends on the field constant of the bind and is the field constant of the Strong Interaction and The fine structure constant  is defined as follows: is the strength of the electric field So, indicates the relation between the electric and strong field The Origin of Mass 13

14. www.ag-physics.org 14 Particle Model Arguments for point like (present theory) vs. expanded:  Scattering of electrons  Renormalization – is mathematical solution, no physics  The magnetic moment – classically!! 14 ‘ The Origin of Mass Elementary particles are expanded – this is in conflict with present official physics

15. www.ag-physics.org 15 Particle Model Arguments for point like (present theory):  Scattering of electrons – is no argument! 15 ‘ The Origin of Mass Elementary particles are expanded – this is in conflict with present official physics

16. www.ag-physics.org 16 Particle Model Arguments for point like (present theory) vs. expanded:  Scattering of electrons  Renormalization – is mathematical solution, no physics  The magnetic moment – classically!! 16 ‘ The Origin of Mass Elementary particles are expanded – this is in conflict with present official physics

17. www.ag-physics.org 17 Proof of the model (expanded!): The magnetic moment (classically) 17 ‘ The Origin of Mass Electron diffraction at multiple slits (Experiment of Jönsson (1974)) From A(x,z), and v follows  (de Broglie-Frequency) = 3.86 * 10 -13 m Radius Loop current Magn. moment = 9.274 * 10 -24 A*m 2 Magn. moment measured = 9.285 * 10 -24 A*m 2 Radius according to Schrödinger (from the Dirac function)  4 * 10 -13 m = Dirac

18. www.ag-physics.org 18 ‘ The Origin of Mass Conflict with present particle theories? Argument: There is already a theory to explain mass: The Higgs Theory. – Nothing more is needed Counter-argument: A. The Higgs Theory is the one which is not needed C. No indication of the Higgs-Boson or of any SuSy particle was ever seen B. The Higgs Theory is only possible by use of the Standard Model and Supersymmetry - The Standard Model has 19 free parameters for 12 independent particles - Incl. SuSy there are 124 free parameters for 24 independent particles. Is that a honestly usable theory??

19. www.ag-physics.org 19 Summary: What is the explaining potential of this model?  The “Mass” of a particle  The magnetic moment  The constancy of the spin  Newton’s law of motion  Energy conservation (in mechanics) ‘‘  Special Relativity - Dilation - Increase of mass - Mass-Energy-Relation The Basic Particle Model explains:  General Relativity / Gravity with - Dark Matter - Dark Energy - Quantum Gravity The Origin of Mass 19

20. www.ag-physics.org /gravity 20 The End ‘ The Origin of Mass 20