1. Dialects and Varieties Deny A. Kwary http://www.kwary.net Airlangga University

2. Regional Dialects Regional variation in pronunciation, in the choices and forms of words, and in syntax. Dialect geography: a map of the distributions of various linguistic features. Isogloss: a line drawn to show a dialect boundary between adjacent areas.

3. Dialect vs. Accent The term dialect should not be confused with the term accent. 3Accent: the pronunciation 3Dialect: the pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar The so-called ‘best’ English accent: The Received Pronunciation (RP) It is also called the Queen’s English, Oxford English, and BBC English.

4. Social Dialects Social dialects originate among social groups and are mainly related to social class, religion, and ethnicity. E.g. In Baghdad, the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim inhabitants speak different varieties of Arabic. What are examples of social dialects in America?

5. Styles, Registers, and Beliefs Styles: formal vs. informal –How do these differ? Language Registers: associated with occupational groups –What are some examples of these? Beliefs: judgment about ‘better’ or ‘worse’ varieties. –In America, what varieties are considered better? Worse?