2. Socialism  “Early nineteenth century theory that sought to replace the existing capitalist structure and values with visionary solutions or ideal communities.”

3. Characteristics of Socialism  Fundamental change in the nature of property ownership  Private ownership of the means of production should be replaced by some form of community or state ownership.  Believed social ownership of property would insure that property would serve the interests of all the people.

4. Characteristics of Socialism  Believed that people were, or could be, educated to be cooperative, rather than competitive.  People should work together to promote their mutual well-being.  The socialists of the early 19 th century are known collectively as Utopian Socialists

5. Utopian Socialists  Robert Owen (1771-1858): Establish separate socialist communities where people would share the ownership of profit and the “fruits of their labor.”  Count of Saint-Simon (1760-1825): The focus of government should be on economic, rather than political. Urged that private wealth be put under greater administrative control.

6. Utopian Socialists  Charles Fourier (1772-1837): Popularized the ideas of utopian communities known as phalanxes. 1600 people would work together on farm & workshop perform work they enjoyed and changing jobs to avoid boredom.  Louis Blanc (1811-1882): Recognized the potential of the staet as an employer of labor.

7. Marxism  Theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that history is the result of class conflict, which will end in the inevitable triumph of the industrial proletariat over the bourgeoisie and the abolition of private property and social class.  This ideology was written in the Communist Manifesto.

8. Marxism  Marx believed in materialism (physical matter is reality-no God) and determinism (every act is the result of prior acts)  Economic condition provided the foundation of social order  The existence of classes led to class struggle  The working class would rise up, take over, and establish a dictatorship

9. Marxism  The working class would rise up, take over, and establish a temporary dictatorship.  This dictatorship would reorganize the economy and reeducate the proletariat to work in the interest of society  The new socialist society would contain only one class- which would lead to a true communist system. 

10. Marxism  This socialist philosophy become the foundation of communist doctrine that influence nations in the 20 th century.