1. World’s Apart Pgs. 140-143 EQ: Why did increased tensions between the North and the South lead to war?

2.  Tariff: a tax on imported goods  States’ rights: the idea that states, not the federal government, should make the final decisions about matters that affect them  Sectionalism: loyalty to one part of the country

3.  When people have very different ideas from one another, it can seem as if they live in separate worlds.  Have you ever felt like you were very different from someone else?  In the early 1800’s, the South and the North were worlds apart from each other in many ways.

4.  Slavery had been around the US for a long time. The 13 colonies had all allowed slavery.  However, slaves were less common in the North than in the South.  After the war for Independence, several northern states passed laws to abolish, or end, slavery. Southern states chose not to.

5.  George Mason, a slave-owner from Virginia called slavery a “national sin”.  Delegates at the Continental Congress could not agree to end slavery. Many hoped it would just die out.  However, it was the opposite, changes in southern farming caused slavery to GROW in the coming years.

6.  After the invention of the cotton gin in 1793, southern farmers wanted more enslaved people to work in their cotton fields.

7.  Enslaved people worked in the fields picking cotton. Cotton was then packed into bales before being shipped. Many plantations were near the Mississippi River, where steamboats carried the cotton south to New Orleans.

8.  The cotton gin made cotton much easier to produce. New textile mills in Britain and New England needed more cotton, and the South could grow it.  Cotton was the South’s most important crop.  By 1840, the South was growing most of the world’s cotton.  Plantation owners used their profits to buy more land and more slaves.  By 1790, there were about 700,000 enslaved people in the South.  By 1860, there were nearly 4 million.

9.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eT4bNx kv-c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eT4bNx kv-c

10.  Sometimes enslaved people fought against slave- owners.  Nat Turner led a rebellion against slaver owners.  He and his followers killed 59 people before being stopped by the local militia.  After Nat’s Rebellion, southern states passed laws to control enslaved and free blacks.  Example: Black preachers were no longer able to preach without a white person present.  By 1850, slaves and free blacks had fewer rights than ever.

11.  Slavery became a source of deep conflict between the North and the South. Many southerners argued that slavery was too important to their economy to give up.  Some people in the North argued that slavery kept the economy from growing faster.  They also believed that slavery was unfair and wrong.

12.  What led to the growth of slavery in the early 1800s?  Answer: Plantation owners used more and more slaves to grow it.  Why did the value of cotton grow?  Mills in Britain and New England needed it  What did the southern states do after Nat Turner’s rebellion?  They passed laws to control both enslaved and free blacks.

13.  Turn to page 142.  Discuss the differences in economies between the North and the South.  What was the value of goods in the North in 1840?  About 375 millions.

14.  The North and the South had different economies.  By 1860, fewer than half of people in the North were farmers. SouthNorth -economy was agricultural-many farmers, but economy was changing -southerners worked on larger plantations -more big cities -small farms and grew food crops (corn) -factories were being built -raised cattle and pigs-factories made textiles, shoes, tools, and goods

15.  Different economies in the North and South led to disagreements.  One was based on tariffs: a tax on imported goods.  Between 1816 and 1832, Congress passed high tariffs on goods made outside the country (ex. British textiles: expensive)  The only cloth people could afford came from the mills in England.

16.  Congress used tariffs to help American manufacturing.  Tariffs were good for northern industry, but they didn’t help the South, where there was less industry.  Southerners, had to pay higher prices for manufactured goods they wanted, such as steel and cloth.  When prices of the goods went up, Southerners blamed it on tariffs and the North.

17.  John C. Calhoun argued against tariffs. Calhoun was vice president in 1828.  He believed the Constitution didn’t allow the federal government to create tariffs.  He argued for states’ rights: the idea that states, not the government, should make the final decisions about matters that affect them.

18.  Calhoun believed that states had the right to veto tariffs.  States’ rights became a popular idea in the south.  Disagreements over slavery, tariffs, and other economic issues increased sectionalism in the North and South.  Loyalty to one part of the county is called sectionalism.  As conflicts grew, more people cared about their own section of the country than the country as a whole.

19.  Slavery grew with the demand of cotton.  Tariffs helped the growing number of northern factories.  The North and the South argued over slavery, tariffs, and states’ rights.

20. North *abolished slavery *industrial economy *believed in strong federal government South *allowed slavery *agricultural economy *believed in states’ rights

21.  Turn to page 144-145 in your Social Studies book.  Read the two pages as a group and then discuss the pages within your group.  Be prepared to share.