1. FOSSIL FUELS

2. FF Formation
Organic matter is buried  exposed to heat and pressure over a long time
Coal, Oil, Natural Gas

3. Non-Renewable FF’s do not regenerate within lifetime.
Renewable: solar, wind, water, biomass

7. Coal Formation -Buried remains of plants pressurized & heated
-Coal: mostly C, some H2O, Hg and S
-Peat  Lignite  Bituminous  Anthracite (add heat + pressure)

8. Peat Bog

9. Coal Formation Please = Peat Love = Lignite Big = Bituminous
Apples = Anthracite

10. Coal Pros: Easy to transport and safe

11. Coal Pros: When burned, releases much energy

12. Coal Pros: Abundant and Cheap

13. Coal Cons: Habitat loss, soil erosion, chemical runoff from mining

14. Coal Cons: Burning increases CO2 levels  Global Warming

15. Coal Cons: Produces Sulfur Oxides  acid rain.

16. Coal Cons: Burning releases Hg  bioaccumulation

17. Most abundant fossil fuel and deposits have been found
Coal Reserves
Most abundant fossil fuel and deposits have been found
200 years??

19. Coal  Electricity (Fluidized Bed Combustion)
Coal ground into a fine powder (increase surface area)
Burned at high temps
Water-filled steel pipes run through fire to produce high pressure STEAM
Steam is used to turn a turbine
Turbine spins a generator
Produces electricity

20. Coal Turbine/Alternator
Only 30 % efficient!

22. Natural Gas Formation Buried plants pressurized & heated
-Also formed by bacteria breaking down org. matter.
Burns much cleaner than coal/oil!!!

23. Methane Electricity DO You See a Similarity??
Methane gas harvested from bacteria production
Burned at high temps
Water-filled steel pipes run through fire to produce high pressure STEAM
Steam is used to turn a turbine
Turbine spins a generator
Produces electricity
DO You See a Similarity??

24. Methane Hydrates CH4 ice crystals found at ocean bottom.
Removed and burned for energy.
Cons: destroys ocean bottom, disrupts habitat of bottom dwellers.

25. Yellow Methane Hydrates covered with tube worms and mussels

26. Natural Gas PROS Easier to transport No nitrogen emissions
Cheap, easy to process and extract

27. CH4 Cons: CO2 released  global warming

28. CH4 Cons: Must be converted to liquid before transport (wastes energy)

29. CH4 Cons: Methane leaks  global warming