2. Earth Science The Dynamic Earth

3. Introduction to Geology

4. The Earth Composition There are 4 layers of the Earth –Inner core –Outer Core –Mantle –Crust

5. The Earth’s Crust The Earth’s crust is subjected to stress A stress is a push or pull on the crust that causes it to change form There are 3 main types of stress on the Earth’s crust

6. Earth’s Structure

7. 3 Types of Stress Compression - rock layers get squeezed together Tension - rock layers get pulled apart like taffy Shearing - rock layers get pushed in different directions causing the rock to twist and tear

8. Two Types of Crust There are 2 types of Earth’s crust –Oceanic - thin ( 8-10 km thick) very dense –Continental - thicker (30-70 km thick) less dense than oceanic

9. Rock Deformation Deformation is the term used to describe rock that has been broken, tilted, or folded Fracture - break in rock layers Faulting- movement of rock layers along an area of fracture Folding - occurs when rocks are bent upward or downward

10. Types of Folding Anticline - rocks are bent upward (looks like an “A”) Syncline - rocks are bent downward (looks like a “U”)

11. Plateaus and Domes Plateaus - a large flat area of land that is raised above sea level Domes - an uplifted area created by rising magma (looks like a half of sphere)

12. The Floating Crust The Earth’s crust floats on the mantle The mantle is made of liquid rock Isostasy - a balance between the upward force of the mantle and the downward force of the crust