1. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 11 SWE 423 – Multimedia System

2. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 5-1 :World Wide Web  World Wide Web (www) :  is the largest and most commonly used hypermedia application. 5-2 :HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)  HTTP: a protocol that was originally designed for transmitting hypermedia, but can also support the transmission of any file type.  HTTP is a stateless request/response protocol: no information carried over for the next request.  The basic request format:  Method URI Version  Additional ‐ Headers:  Message ‐ body 2 a way of exchanging information or performing task on the URI specifies additional parameters about the client

3. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 333  The URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) identifies the resource accessed  e.g. the host name, always preceded by the token "http://".  can also include query strings (some interactions require submitting data)  Two Popular Method:  GET specifies that the information requested is in the request string itself. http://example.com/over/there?name=ferret  POST specifies that the resource pointed to in the URI should consider the message body. Generally used in submitting HTML forms. http://example.com/customers

4. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 44  The basic response format:  Version Status-Code Status-Phrase  Status-Code is a number that identifies the response type (or errors that occurs)  Status-Phase is a textual description of it  Additional ‐ Headers:  Message ‐ body  Two commonly seen status code and phrases 1. 200 OK – the request was processed successfully. 2. 404 Not Found – the URI does not exist. 4

5. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 55 HTTP 5 Connect $ telnet www.example.org 80 Trying 192.0.34.166... Connected to www.example.com (192.0.34.166). Escape character is ’^]’. GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.example.org HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2003 20:30:49 GMT … { Send Request { Receive Response {

6. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 66 5-3 :HTML (HyperText Markup Language) 6  HTML: a language for publishing Hypermedia on the World Wide Web : 1. It uses ASCII, it is portable to all different (possibly binary incompatible) computer hardware which allows for global exchange of information. 2. The current version of HTML is version 4.01. 3. The next generation of HTML is XHTML - a reformulation of HTML using XML.  HTML uses tags to describe document elements:  : defining a starting point,  : the ending point of the element.  Some elements have no ending tags.

7. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 777  HTML divides the document into a HEAD and a BODY part as follows: … …  HEAD – describes document definitions, which are parsed before any document rendering is done.  Include page title, resource links, and meta-information the author decides to specify.  BODY – describes the document structure and content.  Common structure elements are paragraphs, tables, forms, links, item lists, and buttons.

8. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 88  HTML Example : 8 A sample web page. We can put any text we like here, since this is a paragraph element. Naturally, HTML has more complex structures and can be mixed in with other standards.

9. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 99 5-4 : XML (Extensible Markup Language) 9  XML: a markup language for the WWW in which there is modularity of data, structure and view so that user or application can be able to define the tags (structure).  The current XML version is XML 1.0, approved by the W3C in Feb. 1998.  XML syntax looks like HTML syntax

10. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 10  The Main Difference Between XML and HTML  XML was designed to carry data.  XML is not a replacement for HTML.  XML and HTML were designed with different goals o XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what data is. o HTML was designed to display data and to focus on how data looks.  HTML is about displaying information, while XML is about describing information.

11. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 11 5-5 : XHTML 5-5 : XHTML 11  HTML 4.01 is the last version of HTML.  XHTML 1.0 was created shortly after HTML 4.01 to help the transition of hypertext to a new generation of mark-up languages for text.  XHTML 1.1 is an additional step toward a more flexible version of hypertext with the full benefits of XML architecture and integration of different technologies.

12. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 12 6- Overview of Multimedia Software Tools  The categories of software tools briefly examined here are: 1. Music Sequencing and Notation 2. Digital Audio 3. Graphics and Image Editing 4. Video Editing 5. Animation 6. Multimedia Authoring 12

13. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 13 6-1 : Music Sequencing and Notation  Cakewalk: now called Pro Audio.  The term sequencer comes from older devices that stored sequences of notes (“events", in MIDI).  It is also possible to insert WAV files and Windows MCI commands (for animation and video) into music tracks (MCI is a ubiquitous component of the Windows API. 13

14. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 14  Cubase: another sequencing/editing program, with capabilities similar to those of Cakewalk. It includes some digital audio editing tools. 14

15. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 15  Macromedia SoundEdit: mature program for creating audio for multimedia projects and the web that integrates well with other Macromedia products such as Flash and Director. 15

16. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 16 6-2 : Digital Audio  Digital Audio tools deal with accessing and editing the actual sampled sounds that make up audio.  Cool Edit: powerful and popular digital audio toolkit with capabilities (for PC users, at least) that emulates a professional audio studio including multitrack productions and sound file editing including digital signal processing effects. 16

17. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 17  Sound Forge: a sophisticated PC-based program for editing WAV files. Sound can be captured from a CD-ROM drive or from tape or microphone through the sound card, then mixed and edited. It also permits adding complex special effects.  Pro Tools: a high-end integrated audio production and editing environment that runs on Macintosh computers as well as Windows, Pro Tools offers easy MIDI creation and manipulation as well as powerful audio mixing, recording, and editing software. 17

18. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 18 6-3 : Graphics and Image Editing  Adobe Illustrator: a powerful publishing tool from Adobe. Uses vector graphics; graphics can be exported to Web.  Adobe Photoshop: a tool for graphics, image processing and manipulation tool.  Allows layers of images, graphics, and text that can be separately manipulated for maximum flexibility  Filter factory permits creation of sophisticated lighting-effects  Macromedia Fireworks: a software for making graphics specifically for the web.  Macromedia Freehand: a text and web graphics editing tool that supports many bitmap formats such as GIF, PNG, and JPEG. 18

19. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 19 6-4 : Video Editing  Adobe Premiere: a simple, intuitive video editing tool for nonlinear editing, i.e., putting video clips into any order:  Video and audio are arranged in “tracks".  Provides a large number of video and audio tracks, super-impositions and virtual clips.  A large library of built-in transitions, filters and motions for clips allows easy creation of effective multimedia productions. 19

20. SWE 423 - Multimedia System  Adobe After Effects: a powerful video editing tool that enables users to add and change existing movies with effects  Effects such as lighting, shadows, motion blurring.  It also allows layers, as in Photoshop, to permit manipulating objects independently.  Final Cut Pro: a video editing tool by Apple for Macintosh platform only.  It allows the capture of video and audio from numerous sources, such as film and DV.  It provides a complete environment, from capturing the video to editing and color correction and finally output to a video file or broadcast from the computer. Dr. Wafa Omar BarhoumiDr. Wafa Omar Barhoumi20

21. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 21 7- Animation – Multimedia APIs 7- Animation – Multimedia APIs 21  JAVA3D: an API used by Java to construct and render 3D graphics, similar to the way in which the Java Media Framework is used for handling media files.  Provides a basic set of object primitives (cube, splines, etc.) for building scenes.  It is an abstraction layer built on top of OpenGL or DirectX (the user can select which), so the graphics are accelerated.  DirectX: Windows API that supports video, images, audio and 3D animation  It is the most common API used to develop modern multimedia Windows application  OpenGL: highly portable and most popular 3D API

22. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 22  3D Studio Max: rendering tool that includes a number of very high-end professional tools for character animation, game development, and visual effects production.  Softimage XSI: a powerful modeling, animation, and rendering package used for animation and special effects in films and games.  Maya: competing product to Softimage; as well, it is a complete modeling package. It features a wide variety of modeling and animation tools such as to create realistic clothes and fur.  RenderMan: rendering package created by Pixar.  It excels in creating complex surface appearances and images and has been used in numerous movies, such as Monsters Inc.

23. SWE 423 - Multimedia System 23 8- Multimedia Authoring 8- Multimedia Authoring 23  Macromedia Flash: allows users to create interactive movies by using the score metaphor-a timeline arranged in parallel event sequences.  Macromedia Director: uses a movie metaphor to create interactive presentations - very powerful and includes a built-in scripting language, Lingo, that allows creation of complex interactive movies.  Authorware: a mature, well-supported authoring product based on the Iconic/Flow-control metaphor.  Quest: similar to Authorware in many ways, uses a type of flowcharting metaphor. However, the flowchart nodes can encapsulate information in a more abstract way (called frames) than simply subroutine levels