1. Page 1 Computer Architecture and Organization 55:035 Midterm Exam Review Spring 2011

2. Page 2 General Information 1 hour exam - open book, open notes Six problems No Verilog

3. Page 3 Chapter 1 – Structure of Computers Computer types Functional units Basic operational concepts Bus Structures Software Performance –Basic performance equation –ISA: CISC vs. RISC

4. Page 4 Chapter 2 – Machine Instructions & Programs Information representation –2’s complement negative numbers Memory locations & addresses –Byte addressability –Big endian vs. little endian –Word alignment Memory operations

5. Page 5 Chapter 2 (cont.) Instructions and sequencing Addressing modes Assembly language Basic I/O operations Stacks and Queues Subroutines

6. Page 6 Chapter 3 – ARM, 68000, IA32 ISAs For each CPU: –Basic organization, registers, memory access –Addressing modes

7. Page 7 Chapter 6 - Arithmetic Signed number addition/subtraction Fast adders: carry-lookahead, carry-select Multiplication –Booth’s algorithm –Bit pair recoding –Carry-save addition of partial products Integer division; restoring & nonrestoring Floating point representation and operations

8. Page 8 Chapter 7 – Basic Processing Unit Fundamental concepts –Register transfers –Instruction fetch and execution –Instruction types Point-to-point vs. multiple bus organization Hardware control Micro-programmed control