1. By: Cathrine Moyo

2.   We have been applying traditional approaches to a new problem, and we have not been motivated to change the ways we do things, despite clearly growing handicaps imposed by the status quo. Introduction

3.   A new paradigm has grappled archivists. According to Cook at the heart of this paradigm is a shift away from viewing records as static physical objects, and towards understanding them as dynamic virtual concepts, a shift away from looking at records as passive products of human or administrative activity towards considering records as active agents themselves in the formation of human and organizational memory

4.   Archival theoretical discourse is shifting from product to process, from structure to function, from archives to archiving from the record to the recording context from the natural residue or passive by product of administrative activity to the consciously constructed and actively mediated archivalisation of social memory. Introduction

5.   IKS vs Oral History IKS vs Oral History

6.  Oral History vs IKS

7.   The term Oral history is peculiarly a vague one and susceptible to a host of ambiguous interpretation. Oral History in this discussion refers to: a qualitative research process based on personal interviewing, suited to understanding meanings, interpretations, relationships and subjective experience. It is a product – an audio or video tape recording that is an original historical document, a new primary source for further research. (Schneider. 2006 : 1) Definition

8.   According to I J Johnstone  “ the background to, and purpose of the National archives oral history programme is that we get primary information straight from ordinary people's mouth, unadulterated by secondary and elitist influences such as books by authors who may be biased in one way or the other.”  Eg NAZ in its quest to acquire the voice of the voiceless, it sought to take on board the component of oral history in 1968 to supplement and augment archival sources.

9.   Indigenous knowledge is (…) the information base for the society, which facilitates communication and decision making. Indigenous information systems are dynamic, and  are continually influenced by internal creativity and experimentation as well as by contact with external systems. Crow 2007

10.   Chiwome defines the term indigenous knowledge systems as;  “Localized African systems developed over long periods and whose patterns are based upon local knowledge systems and expressed in local languages … would generally be in balance with the local environment or would have sought such balance … the accumulated knowledge, science, technology and environmental understanding in non western rural societies”

11.   Indigenous Knowledge refers to a pool of beliefs, values, institutional and technological practices developed over time by individuals and/or communities in a given locality for solving their own problems. IKS refers to the unique, traditional, local knowledge existing within and developed around the specific conditions of women and men indigenous to the particular geographic area. Such knowledge is applied to solving problems in a number of areas, which include medical, agricultural, technological and educational. Indigenous knowledge was widely applied before the introduction of the “modern” or western knowledge.

12.   literature on change management and oral history.  content analysis  Journals and articles were utilized for this study. The fundamental reason for this study was to explore the literature available on change management with respect to the archival field with particular reference to oral history/IKS. Methodology

13.   Technological obsolesce  Post Colonization  Paradigm shift  Capacity building Challenges

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15.  Change management

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18.   Training and further training  Methods of proper interviewing  Equipment and digitalization  Ever changing digital technology  Adopting to technological changes  Use of various multi-media Recommendations

19.  Collaboration Cooperation

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22.   Never remain followers turn the tables and become leaders  Taking a leap of faith Conclusion