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2. Exercise: define research priorities at programmatic level GB Migliori, L. D’Ambrosio WHO Collaborating Centre for TB and Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Tradate Italy

3. Background In the first TB PANB-NET external course in Borstel (2010) your collegues identified the following research priorities, distinguishing among: Low incidence countries Middle incidence countries High incidence countries

4. Low incidence countries (1) Representatives from: Den, Ger, Ita, Gre, Neth, Albania Importance of correct identification of LTBI population Acceptance of interventions in the target groups TB in migrants-special circumstances Rapid drug testing in vulnerable groups Drug treatment

5. Low incidence countries (2) Representatives from: Austria, Italy, Belgium, Neth, Spain Diagnostic and treatment guidelines for children Biomarkers to distinguish active from latent TB Rapid turn over of DST results to clinicians Immunology of TB Shorter and better treatment regimens Funding in PH TB Adherence New vaccines

6. Middle incidence countries Representatives from: Bulgaria, Estonia, Russia, Turkey, UK, Lithuania, Belarus Better diagnostics for active and latent TB DST Treatment: shorter and more efficient Tx, incl. XDR, evaluation of surgical interventions, adherence Nosocomial transmission issues Evaluation of MDR contacts: guidelines needed Advocacy

7. High incidence countries Representatives from: China, India, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa Diagnostics: active TB- POC tools Applicable to HIV- +ve patients Treatment: shorter regimens Prevention: role of nutrition, vaccines Operational: appraise/change DOTS, private sector involvement, national TB program/drug control

8. Exercise (1) The exercise is focused on defining research priorities at programmatic level. You can also discuss research priorities beyond the programmatic level. The priorities identified by your 2010 Collegues will give you the direction to follow.

9. Exercise (2) Each group is composed of 3 persons. The groups have 20 minutes to discuss and identify, separately, the research priorities for programmatic needs, and eventually, those involving basic research. A report by groups and a class discussion will be done in the remaining 30 minutes.