1. Marine Animals Without Backbones
Chapter 6
Marine Animals Without Backbones

2. Protista
Single cellular eukaryotes & multicellular algae

3. Heterotrophic of animal-like protists
Protozoa
Heterotrophic of animal-like protists

4. Protozoan with a calcium carbonate shell
Foraminiferans
Protozoan with a calcium carbonate shell

6. Protozoan with a glass shell
Radiolarians
Protozoan with a glass shell

8. Ciliates
Protozoan with hairlike structures on its surface that is used for mobility

10. Pseudopodia
False feet
Oozing cytoplasm

11. Fine sediment on the ocean floor
Ooze
Fine sediment on the ocean floor

12. Calcareous Ooze
Fine sediment made up of calcium carbonate

13. Siliceous Ooze
Fine sediment from silicates or silicone dioxide

14. Diatomaceous Ooze
Fine sediment from diatom shells

15. Foramaceous Ooze
Fine sediment made from the shells of forams

16. Radiolarian Ooze
Fine sediment made from radiolarian shells

17. Animalia Multicellular complex heterotrophs No cell wall
No Chloroploasts

18. Animals with backbones
Vertebrates
Animals with backbones

19. Animals without backbones
Invertebrates
Animals without backbones

20. Sponge
Phylum: Porifera

21. Characteristics
Simplest animal, No true tissue, Little symmetry, Pores, Sessile as adult, protein skeleton, spicules, regeneration, sex & asex

24. Protein skeleton in sponges
Spongin
Protein skeleton in sponges

25. Glass barbs emitted by sponges when you rub against one
Spicules
Glass barbs emitted by sponges when you rub against one

26. Sessile
Attached to a surface

27. Osculum Opening at the top of a sponge
Water forced out through osculum

28. Organisms that feed on suspended particles
Suspension Feeders
Organisms that feed on suspended particles

29. Organisms that filter particles out of the water
Filter Feeders
Organisms that filter particles out of the water

30. Types of Sponges Boring Sponge Glass Sponge Encrusting sponge
Bath sponge

32. Jellies Phylum: Cnidaria Coelenterata
Jellies, coral, sea anemones, hydras

33. Characteristics
Tissue but no organs, transparent jelly-like body, radial symmetry, tentacles, stinging cells
sexual & asexual

34. Medusa
Bell shaped drifting body with tentacles hanging below

35. Polyp Tubular shaped body Attached to a surface at one end
Tentacles point out

36. Radial Symmetry
Symmetry like a circle or ball, one slice may be cut out of the circle that is identical to other slices

38. Nematocysts
Stinging cells

40. Planula
Larval stage of Cnidarians that is planktonic

41. Classes of Cniderians
Hydrozoa
Anthozoa
Scyphozoa
Siphonophora

42. Hydrozoa
Willowy polyp
Hydras

43. Anthozoa
Muscular polyp
Sea anemones, & coral

44. Scyphozoa
Medusa
Jelly fish or jellies

45. Siphonophora
Floating colonies with gas filled bell & hanging tentacles
Portugese Man-of-war

46. Comb Jellies
Ctenophora
Radially symmetrical with eight rows of cilia

47. Flat Worms Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Organs & crude systems, Bilateral symmetry, flattened body

48. Bilateral Symmetry Bodies are arranged into two identical halfs
Left & right

50. Cephalization
Head formation
Anterior end

51. Anterior: front end
Posterior End: rear end
Dorsal: Upper surface
Ventral: Lower surface

52. Round Worms Phylum: Nematoda
Good system formation, mostly parasitic, bilateral symmetry, head formation, many species

53. Segmented Worms Phylum: Annelida
Segmented body, good systems, parapodia

54. Others: Spiculida: peanut worms Pogonophora, bearded worms
Chaetognatha: Arrow worms
Bryazoa: mossy animals
Brachiopoda: lamp shells

55. Molluscs
Phylum: Mollusca

56. Characteristics
Soft body, muscular foot, rasping tongue, mantle, bilateral symmetry, well developed brain, sexual reproduction

57. Thin layer of tissue that produces the shell
Mantle
Thin layer of tissue that produces the shell

58. Radula Small ribbon of teeth used to rasp material off a surface
Rasping tongue

60. Classes of Molluscs
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Polyplacophora

61. Gastropoda
Stomach foot
Snails & slugs

62. Bivalvia
Two shells
Clams, oysters, scallops, & mussels

63. Cephalopodia
Head foot
Octopus & Squid

64. Polyplacophora
Turtle like
Chitons

65. Byssal Threads
Strong threads secreted by mussels that attach to hard surfaces & hold mussels in place

66. Arthropods Phylum: Arthropoda Insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc
Armored achievers

67. Characteristics
Segmented body, jointed legs, exoskeleton, antenna, metamorphosis, bilateral symmetry, molts

68. Crustacea Subphylum of Sea insects All characteristics including gills
Crabs, lobsters, etc.

69. Types of Crustaceans Copepods * Krill Amphipods * Decapods
Isopods * Horseshoe crbs
Barnicles * Sea spiders

70. Copepods
Microscopic crustaceans
Extremely abundant

71. Amphipods
< 1 inch long
Beach hoppers
Sand crabs

72. Isopods
Same size as amphipods
Pill bugs, roly-poly bugs

73. Barnicles Filter feeders that attach to a surface
Cone shaped when attached

74. Krill Planktonic shrimp-like crustaceans < 5 cm Very abundant
Whale food

75. Decapods
Ten legged crustaceans we love to eat, scavengers & bottom feeders
Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crawfish, etc.

76. Zoea
Larval stage of a crab

78. Echinoderms sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc
Phylum: Echinodermata
sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc

79. Characteristics
Penta-radial symmetry, water vascular system, endoskeleton, tubular feet, spiny skin, regeneration

81. Classes of Echinoderms
Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea
Echinoidea
Crinoidea
Holothuroidea

82. Asteroidea
Muscular stars
Normal star fish

83. Ophiuroidea
Brittle stars
Willowy stars

84. Echinoidea
Spiney stars
sea urchins & sand dollars

85. Crinoidea
Feathery stars
Crinoids

86. Holothuroidea
Tubular stars
Sea cucumbers

87. Others Hemichords: acorn worm
Protochords: spinal cord, but no backbone
Urochords: tunicates
Cephalochords: Lancelets

88. Chordata
Spinal cord