1. Library Research @ IMLS December 11, 2013 SDC Conference / St. Louis, MO Deanne W. Swan, Ph.D. Sr. Statistician, IMLS/OPRE

2. IMLS/OPRE Library Statistics & Research Statistical Collections –Public Library Survey (PLS) –State Library Administrative Agency (SLAA) Survey –Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey Evaluation –Grants to States Program Review, 2008-2011 OPRE Research Projects Small and Rural Libraries E-rate Libraries, Museums, and Early Learning Internet Access and Public Library Use

3. Public Library Survey (PLS)

4. PLS FY 2011 –Data released: June 2013 –Report: January 2014 PLS FY 2012 –Data collection closed –Currently in post processing

5. PLS FY 2011: Data Release New data formats: SAS, Excel, CSV New geocoding data files: shapefiles (ESRI format), kml (Google), geojson (Hipster) Geocoding –Records re-coded for FY 2011 –New elements added Core based statistical area Metropolitan / Micropolitan flag

6. PLS FY 2011: Geocoding Administrative Entities, FY 2010 Administrative Entities, FY 2011 Match (Centroid) CountFrequencyCountFrequency Street Address 8,44190.7%8,50191.3% ZIP+41471.6%1141.2% ZIP+2750.8%790.8% ZIP only6436.9%6196.6% Missing2< 0.1%2 Total9,308 9,315

7. PLS FY 2011: Geocoding Outlets, FY 2010Outlets, FY 2011 Match (Centroid) CountFrequencyCountFrequency Street Address 15,78489.5%15,86090.1% ZIP+43782.1%3361.9% ZIP+21811.0%1811.0% ZIP only1,2857.3%1,2126.9% Missing80.1%9 Total17,636 17,598

8. PLS FY 2011: Preliminary Findings In FY 2011 –8,956 public libraries (AE) –17,110 outlets –Served 299.9 million people (96.2% of US pop) Libraries were open 42.3 hours/week (on avg)

12. PLS FY 2011: Preliminary Findings Visitation (decrease since FY2009) –1.5 billion visits 1 year decrease of 2.9% 10 year increase of 23.0% –5.1 visits per capita Circulation (decrease since FY2009) –2.4 billion materials circulated 1 year decrease of 0.9% 10 year increase of 29.0% –34.5% of which were children’s materials –8.1 circulated materials per capita

13. PLS FY 2011: Preliminary Findings Programs –3.8 million total programs –60.5% for children; 8.8% for young adults 1 year increase of 1.4%; 8 year increase of 46.7% –89.0 million people attended programs 1 year increase of 2.7%; 8 year increase of 32.3% Computing –261.4 thousand computer terminals 1 year increase of 6.8%; 10 year increase of 86.2% –341.5 million users of computer terminals 1 year decrease of 7.2%; 5 year increase of 2.2%

14. PLS FY 2011: Preliminary Findings Staffing –137.1 thousand FTEs working in public libraries –46.6 thousand librarian FTEs Comprise 34.0% of total FTE workforce 67.6% of librarians have ALA-MLS –51.3% of libraries have an ALA-MLS librarian (working in a designated librarian FTE)

15. PLS FY 2011: Preliminary Findings Financials –Revenue: $11.4 billion 1 year decrease of 1.0% (adjusted for inflation) 10 year increase of 8.5% (adjusted for inflation) –84.8% from local gov’t –7.5% from state gov’t (10 yr decrease of 35.6%) –Operating Expenditures: $10.7 billion 1 year decrease of 2.3% (adjusted for inflation) 10 year increase of 9.2% (adjusted for inflation)

16. State Library Administrative Agency (SLAA) Survey

17. FY2012 –changed collection partner to the American Institutes for Research (AIR) –Shorter data collection window (8 weeks) –Data released: September 2013 FY2014 –Changes to questionnaire Focus on policy-relevant questions in Part D –Comments & feedback from COSLA, key holders, Office of Library Services (OLS)

21. State Library Administrative Agency (SLAA) Survey SLAA FY 2012 Preliminary findings Revenue –$990.5 million 2 year decrease of 11.9% (adjusted for inflation) 10 year decrease of 31.9% (adjusted for inflation) –Decrease in proportion of revenue from state 2 year decrease 15.5%; 10 year decrease 37.9% LSTA Expenditures –$156.7 million 2 year decrease 6.6%; 10 year decrease 11.8%

22. Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey

23. A Household Survey to determine attitudes, awareness, and utilization of library and museum services. –Library Users, Museum Users, Dual Users, and Non-Users –Children’s module Method –Random digit dialing (RDD) telephone survey using computer assisted telephone interview (CATI). Data collection –September 12 to December 1

25. Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey Preliminary Results Sample –N = 3527 households –Cell phone subsample: N = 1029 (29.2%) –Response rate (through Oct 30) = 32.8% Landline RR = 40.7% / Cell RR = 19.0%

26. Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey Type of User Dual Users24.5% Library Users18.6% Museum Users21.2% Non-Users35.7%

27. Public Needs for Library and Museum Services (PNLMS) Survey PNLMS Timeline Data Collection Completed (December 2013) Data Editing and CleaningWinter 2014 Non-response Bias StudyWinter 2014 Final Data FileJune 2014 Report of FindingsAugust 2014

28. Grants to States Program Review 2008 to 2011 Evaluation of the IMLS Grants to States program –Summary analysis of data from the State Library Agency report and State Program Reports (SPR) in an easy-to-read format Audience: People unfamiliar with the program Report: January 2014 (ALA Midwinter)

29. Other Research Projects Small and Rural Libraries Economic Impact of Internet Access and Public Library Use E-Rate Libraries, Museums, and Early Learning

30. Research: Small & Rural Libraries

34. Research Brief: released September 2013 Additional analyses: rural and small separately –Predicting service by rural or small status, controlling for factors such as revenue –Examining the relationship between location/size and staffing, revenue, services –Incorporating multi-level analyses, examining the role of state level factors on service at the local level

35. Research: Economic Impact of Internet Access on Public Library Use Empirical analysis of public library use in the United States between 2000 and 2008 – a period of rapid expansion in high-speed Internet access. Anton Bekkerman & Gregory Gilpin –Professors of Economics at Montana State University Data: –PLS 2000 to 2008 –FCC Form 477 high-speed Internet service provider database

36. Research: Economic Impact of Internet Access on Public Library Use Overall: As individuals gain access to high-speed Internet, they increase their demand for public library resources. Increased access to high-speed residential Internet contributed to (on average): –4.5% increase in circulation –8.2% increase in circulation of children’s materials –8.0% increase in use of in-library computers Largest impacts were observed in metropolitan areas.

37. Research: E-Rate Questions: –Which libraries are applying for e-rate funds? –What types of services are libraries requesting under e-rate? –What is the distribution of e-rate funds? Data: –Universal Service Administration Company (USAC) e-rate applications, 1998-2013 –FCC data from e-rate application Block 4 (2010) –USDA data for Free & Reduced Lunch (FRL) –Public Library Survey (PLS)

38. Research: E-Rate

40. 10-12% of all applications are from libraries (as the lead applicant) Libraries only comprise 3-4% of funding In 2010, 50% of all public libraries applied for some funding (not necessarily as lead applicant)

41. Early Learning: Growing Young Minds A call to action for policymakers, practitioners, and parents to make full use of museums and libraries to close knowledge and opportunity gaps and give all children a strong start in learning.

42. Research: Early Learning Questions –Are there differences between children who visit libraries and museums and those who do not? –Does visiting these types of institutions have an effect on children’s academic or other outcomes? Data –Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten cohort (ECLS-K) Classes of 1998-99 and 2010-11 Analyses –Demographic and Behavioral profile of Children who visit Libraries and Museums at Kindergarten –Effect of Library and Museum Visitation at Kindergarten on Grade 3 Reading and Math Achievement

43. Research: Early Learning How many kindergarten-aged children visit libraries or museums?

44. Research: Early Learning How many kindergarten-aged children visit libraries or museums?

45. Research: Early Learning

48. IMLS/OPRE Library Research For more information Deanne W. Swan dswan@imls.gov Justin Grimes jgrimes@imls.gov