2. I can identify how the world was effected by the inventions of the Industrial Revolution.

4. Flying Shuttle Doubled the work a weaver could do in a day

5. Spinning Jenny

6. Arkwright’s water frame Spin yarn/thread faster/stronger than spinning jenny Too big for home operation Need for special buildings near water Need for worker in area Crompton’s spinning mule Spinning jenny + water frame Cartwright’s power loom Used steam to produce product faster than man power The Luddites Disgruntled workers feared job loss or lower wages Australia bound What does this lead to? New labor system Shift work & Rural worker issues

7. Mid 18 th century- Eng – no forest Man/horse power – too slow Coal = answer Problem- Mines filled w/ water

8. Thomas Savery’s steam- powered pump Very dangerous, often exploded – no movable parts

9. Thomas Newcomen’s true steam-powered engine Boiler, piston, & cylinder

10. James Watt’s engine Fixed both Thomas’ problems Steam cool away from cylinder More efficient and produced more raw power

11. Before 18 th century no change from Middle Ages in Iron production. Henry Cort’s puddling furnace 2 Allowed pig(raw) iron to be refined w/coke(coal-H 2 O) Produced stronger iron Iron Production Stats: What does this lead to? 17401780s (after Cort’s invention)1852 17,000 tons70,000 tons3 million tons

12. The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700’s. Every aspect of industry (agriculture, textile, steam engine, water & road transportation, railroads, etc.) experienced innovations.

13. Iron Industry Henry Cort, puddling (produces high quality iron) Stronger iron allows for new machines, esp. trains Railroad Richard Trevithick, steam-powered locomotive George Stephenson, Rocket, 1830 The Industrial Factory Workers in shifts Workers come from rural areas Regulations

14. Ripple Effects New technology = the ability to produce more goods at a faster rate More goods produced = Prices of goods fall Markets grow larger Increased sales + more factories & machinery Entrepreneur = Business person Stock = shares w/in a company Corporation = business owned by stockholders

15. The opportunity for the lower class to make more $$$ drove the increase in popn in cities. Popn Growth & Urbanization (page 293) European population 1750 -140 million 1850 - 266 million Decline of death rate Less war Less disease More food

16. Positives Increase in the availability of workers Increase in the # of large cities Lack of adequate housing Lack of infrastructure development Spread of disease Decrease in life expectancy Negatives

17. Positives Quality of Goods Better products being produced More products available for lower & middle class Average person’s diet Eventually, average person’s standard of living

18. Negatives Life expectancy Under 30 yrs Working Conditions 14 hrs / day 6 days / wk Child & women labor Injuries

19. New Social Classes: The Industrial Middle Class New bourgeoisie/New elite Constructed the factories, purchased the machines, figured out where the markets were Reduce the barriers between themselves and the landed elite New Social Classes: The Industrial Working Class Poor working conditions 12-16 hours per day, 6 days a week Women and children Paid ½ of what men get Factory Act of 1833 – minimum age to work - 9 Efforts at Change Socialism – society (govt) owns factors of production Utopian socialists – all fail

20. Potato crop infested w/fungus 1/3 of population depends on potato to survive 1 million people died 1 million moved to US

21. Today we are learning about working conditions during the Industrial Revolution

22. Not until the 1820s Why work in a factory? Cottages works – step backwards No more setting own schedule Machinery Very dangerous

23. Entire families hired All worked in home, so all worked in factories Men Hardest labor Women Operated machines Children Swept Picked up scraps Worked on machines