1. Review The Urinary System

2. Review Name the three main functions of the urinary system? Excretion, secretion, elimination The first process in the formation of urine is? Filtration The term meaning the emptying of urine from the bladder? Elimination The major work of the urinary system is performed by two organs called? The kidneys This is a tube and is for removal of fluids including semen from the body? Urethra These are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder? Ureters This is an organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys? Bladder

3. Review What kidney sits slightly higher then the other? Left The outer layer of the kidney is called? Cortex The inner layer of the kidney is called? Medulla These are the microscopic units of the kidneys, each kidney has over 1 million of these? Nephrons This is where the urine collects before entering the ureters? The renal pelvis of the kidney About how much urine is eliminated each day(normal adult)? 800 to 2000 ml/day

4. Review Name some chemicals that we reabsorb by the by the way of the nephrons into the bloodstream? Glucose, vitamins and salts What chemical spills over into the urine when a patient has diabetes? Glucose spills into the expelled urine Name the medical term for this? Spilling over the threshold

5. Review The medical term for low output of urine? Oliguria This is contraction and relaxation of muscles that move the urine down the ureters to enter the posterior wall of the bladder? Peristalsis Name the differences in the female and male urethra? In the female, it is a straight tube about 1 ½ inches in length, in the male, the urethra, is about 8 inches This is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood, and is used primarily to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal(kidney) failure? Dialysis

6. Review This needs to be done for a patient with end- stage renal disease(last resort)? Kidney Transplant This test is used for kidney function, the patient collects all urinary output, from a specified hour one day until the same time the next day? 24 hour urine test This is a noninvasive procedure used to assess the size, shape, and location of the kidneys? Renal ultrasound

7. Review This is a invasive special xray for the examination of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters, involves an inject with iodine-based contrast (dye) into a vein in the arm? Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) This is a minimally invasive test that uses a special x-ray technology called fluoroscopy to visualize your child's urinary tract and bladder, for the diagnosis of urinary reflux? Voiding cystourethrogram(VCUG)

8. Review This is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder? Cystitis What is the main cause for cystitis? Bacterial infection, escherichia coli(e-coli) This is an inflammation of the glomerulus of the nephron? Glomerulonephritis This is the medical term for an uncontrollable loss of urine? Incontinence

9. Review This is an inherited disorder, this affects the kidney with grapelike clusters of fluid filled cysts the replace normal renal tissue of the kidneys? Polycystic disease This is the medical term for the most common kidney infection, this is caused by bacteria typically spread from the bladder up the ureters and into the kidneys? Pyelonephritis This is the medical term for kidney stones? Renal Calculi This is a critical illness that results in the sudden cessation of the kidney function? Renal failure