1. Cellular Respiration The controlled release of energy in the form of ATP Emily Kennedy 3A

2. Step 1: Glycolysis Glycolysis – splitting of one 6-carbon sugar (glucose) to two 3-carbon sugars (pyruvate) The 3-carbons are oxidized to pyruvate Takes place in cytoplasm Oxygen is not required for glycolysis – therefore it is ANAEROBIC 2 ATP are invested, and 4 are produced, so there is a 2 ATP NET YIELD

3. Step 1: Glycolysis Products Overall Products 2 Pyruvate 2 ATP 2 NADH 2 H+ 2 H2O NAD+ is reduced to NADH http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/cellularres piration.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/cellularres piration.html Remember the number 2!

4. Step 2: Oxidative Decarboxylaton (Link Reaction) This is the step between glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle Oxygen is needed Pyruvate gets converted into Acetyl CoA after attaching to the coenzyme One carbon is taken out for CO2, thus leaving only 2 carbons left Occurs in the mitochondria Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+

5. Step 2: Oxidative Decarboxylaton Products Overall Products 2 Acetyl CoA 2 CO2 2 NADH + H+

6. Step 3: The Kreb’s Cycle Kreb’s cycle - metabolic process that completes the breakdown of glucose Requires oxygen The 2-carbon Acetyl CoA attaches to 4-carbon oxyloacetate Products 2 ATP 6 NADH + H+ 2 FADH2 2 CO2 http://www.sumanasinc.com/webco ntent/animations/content/cellularres piration.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webco ntent/animations/content/cellularres piration.html

7. Step 4: Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Electron Transport Chain

8. ETC is a series of electron carriers located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria – made of mostly proteins Occurs in the inner membrane NADH/FADH molecules donate electrons who use their energy to help proteins pump H+ protons across the membrane – reverse concentration gradient Oxygen grabs dead electrons at the end of ETC, combining with H+ to make water H+ protons flow across membrane due to concentration gradient ATP synthase serves as a filter and converts ADP + Pi + H+ to ATP If lack of O2, gradient will disappear, stopping ATP production http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/cellularrespiration. html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/cellularrespiration. html

9. Step 4: Oxidative Phosphorylation Products When H+ flows through the ATP synthase into the matrix, 34 ATP is produced  Total ATP = 38 ATP per glucose