1. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 1 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 HEND physical calibrations: status report A. Kozyrev, S. Charyshnikov, V. Grinkov,, M. Litvak, I. Mitrofanov, A. Sanin, V. Tret’yakov Institute for Space Research V. Shvetsov, G. Timoshenko, A. Krylov Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

2. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 2 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Schematic design of HEND

3. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 3 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Schematic design of sensor LD (Left) and SD (Right) for epithermal neutrons

4. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 4 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Components of SD and LD sensors

5. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 5 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 He 3 +n→H 3 +p+ E total E total = 0.764 MeV E(H 3 ) = 1/4 E total = 0.191 MeV E(p) = 3/4 E total = 0.573 MeV ¼ E total TRITON ¾ E total PROTON

6. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 6 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Measured spectrum of counts of MD sensor is represented in 16 channels

7. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 7 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Schematic design of stilbene and CsI scintillation detectors

8. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 8 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Neutron Recoil proton Registration of neutrons on recoil protons

9. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 9 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Proton Separation between background and recoil protons is done by help of anticoincidence circuit based on CsI crystal which surrounds stilbene detector in direction of open space

10. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 10 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Photon Distinguishing between neutron and gamma signal in stilbene crystal is done by help of electronic pulse shape in the stilbene crystal

11. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 11 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Energy range: LD: 10.0 eV - 1.0 MeV MD: 0.4 eV -100.0 keV SD: 0.4 eV - 1.0 keV IN/SC/N: 850 keV – 15.0 MeV IN/SC/G:60 keV– 2.0 MeV OUT/SC:30 keV – 1.0 MeV Performance

12. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 12 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Stability spectra and temperature during mapping 18/02/2002-18/04/2002 2 month 10/09/2002-10/11/2002 2 month 01/04/2003-01/06/2003 2 month

13. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 13 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 LDMD Stilbene CsI(Tl) Stability spectra during mapping

14. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 14 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Stability temperature during mapping -15 < t ° HEND < +15 First Second Third t ° 1 - temperature of main electronic board t ° 2 - temperature of HV board t ° 3 - temperature of stilbene electronic board -15 +15

15. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 15 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Calibration Facility

16. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 16 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Source of neutrons Flux ~ 10 6 n cm 2 /sec d(T,n)  (15 MeV n) d(D,n) 3 He (5 MeV n) 7 Li(p,n) 7 Be (< 1 MeV n) Calibration Facility

17. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 17 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Pu-Be source: 3.8 MeV (29.6+/-0.2)/r 2 n cm -2 s -1 Cf source: 2.1 MeV (13.2+/-0.2)/r 2 n cm -2 s -1 Calibration Facility

18. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 18 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Calibration measurements results

19. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 19 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Calibration measurements results

20. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 20 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Simulation response function

21. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 21 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Response functions of LD, MD and SC/neutron sensors allow to fit data of #2, #3 and #4 periapses with function of type  E -  HEND energy range

22. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 22 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Model neutron spectra on Mars orbit Response function of HEND sensors Calculation Model count of HEND neutron sensor Real count of HEND neutron sensor Calculation (Pearson criteria) Probability of aligning model Using response function

23. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 23 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Conclusion Conclusion:  During mapping, spectra of HEND sensors were stable  During mapping, temperature of HEND instrument were lie in the range of +/- 15 ° C  HEND numerical model as an assembly were simulated for neutron LD, MD and SD sensor Future task:  Building of HEND numerical model with taking into account the spacecraft model  Physical calibration and simulation of SC sensor to establishing of corresponds between Flight and Qualification units  Physical calibration of HEND instrument with respect to gamma-rays and charge particles