1. chapter 15: Ureters, Urinary Bladder, urethra
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2. Figure 15.1a Organs of the urinary system.
Hepatic veins (cut)
Inferior vena cava
Renal artery
Adrenal gland
Renal hilum
Aorta
Renal vein
Kidney
Iliac crest
Ureters
Rectum (cut)
Uterus (part of female reproductive system)
Urinary bladder
Urethra
(a)

3. Ureters 2 tubes; attach kidney to urinary bladder
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Ureters
2 tubes; attach kidney to urinary bladder
xtension of the renal pelvis
urine transport is aided by:
Peristalsis
Gravity

4. Figure 15.6 Basic structure of the female urinary bladder and urethra.
Ureter
Internal urethral
orifice
Ureteral orifice
Urethra

5. Urinary Bladder Function: stores urine temporarily
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Urinary Bladder
Function: stores urine temporarily
Tissues of the urinary bladder:
Three layers of smooth muscle
Innermost mucosal layer made of transitional epithelium
When empty, walls are thick and folded

6. BLADDER CHARACTERISTICS
trigone—a triangular region of the urinary bladder base designating three openings:
Two from the ureters
One to the urethra
Common site for bladder infections
Cystitis: bladder inflamation
Urethritis: urethra inflammation

7. Figure 15.6 Basic structure of the female urinary bladder and urethra.
Ureter
Ureteral orifice
Internal urethral
orifice
Ureteral orifice
Trigone
External urethral sphincter
Internal urethral
sphincter
Urethra

8. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Urethra
Thin-walled tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis
Relies on peristalsis to move urine
Release of urine is controlled by two sphincters
Internal urethral sphincter
Involuntary; smooth muscle
External urethral sphincter
Voluntary; skeletal muscle

9. Figure 15.6 Basic structure of the female urinary bladder and urethra.
Ureter
Internal urethral
orifice
Ureteral orifice
Trigone
External urethral sphincter
Internal urethral
sphincter
Urethra

10. Urethra Function Location Females—only carries urine
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Urethra
Function
Females—only carries urine
Males—carries urine and sperm
Location
Females—anterior to the vaginal opening
Males—travels through the prostate and penis

11. The male urethra is considered to be part of the urinary AND reproductive systems because of its dual function

12. Micturition (Voiding)
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Micturition (Voiding)
emptying of the urinary bladder
Micturition reflex :
stretch receptors in the bladder are stimulated
involuntary internal sphincter opens
The external sphincter can override this
Incontinence : inability to control micturition
Urinary retention :inability to void