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Page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Production and.

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Presentation on theme: "Page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Production and."— Presentation transcript:

1 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, R. Catherall, F. Plewinski, T. Stora, E. Wildner. 38 th Meeting of the INTC CERN, 4 th November 2010

2 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Outline  Motivation  ESS Targetry  Beta-beams  Tests at ISOLDE  Production in sodium  Experimental setup  Beam request  Summary

3 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Motivation for Using Sodium 3 European Spallation Source Na-cooled W target Beta-Beams Production of 18 Ne

4 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 European Spallation Source 4 A 5 MW long pulse spallation source @ 1.3 – 2 ms, 10-20 Hz A 5 MW long pulse spallation source @ 1.3 – 2 ms, 10-20 Hz Cold or thermal coupled moderators Cold or thermal coupled moderators 22 (– 30) instruments 22 (– 30) instruments 1.5 B€ to build, ~100 M€/y to operate 1.5 B€ to build, ~100 M€/y to operate 450- 500 employees 450- 500 employees 5000+ users 5000+ users

5 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 ESS Partner Countries 5 Sweden, Denmark and Norway 50% of construction costs 16 Partners today “We have got the money!”

6 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 ESS in Lund 6

7 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 ESS2003 Target Station Building 7

8 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 ESS2003 Hg Target System 8

9 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 ESS2003 Hg Target Trolley 9

10 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 ESS2010 TSCS Concept Spectrum 10 Spallation EnvironmentOther Environments Routine Operation Full scale Prototype Prototype testing Commercial use Industrial R&D Target material Hg+ PbBi−+ PbAu−+ Pb+ W+ CoolantWater+ Liquid Na−++ He gas−++ Target type Stationary # + Rotating−+ # Stationary structural components

11 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Target Lifetime 11 FacilityTargetDamag e Int. Beam Max. Power Current density Charge density Time Online [dpa][MW.hr][MW] [  A.cm -2 ] [C.cm -2 ][weeks] SINQCannelloni Online?68400.8631.4900104 MEGAPIE predicted613680.7231.421420 MEGAPIE online6.816780.7831.424318 SNSHg Predicted1050001.012.5?22552 Hg Target 1 online7.530550.8512.5?162144 Hg Target 2 online7.232151.012.5?14552 Rotating predicted10750001.527.24900520 JSNSPredicted (no cavitation)564001.015.535767 Predicted (cavitation)225001.015.514026 ESS2003Predicted [bauer, vlad]1073205.079.642015 ESS2010Predicted Hg [Ene]10100005.042.530621 Compilation of lifetimes: material independent

12 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Stationary Target Lifetime 12 Efficient target changeover required

13 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Stationary: Na-Cooled Solid Tungsten > Neutron production slightly better than W water cooled  No moderation  High average density > Excellent thermal properties > Low pressure > Analog to water : tests and mock up with water > W-Na compatibility (non-irr.) => No Ta cladding > Draining the loop could remove most of the loop activity. > Maintenance is flexible and known. 13 F. Plewinski, ESS

14 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Stationary: Na-Cooled Solid Tungsten 14 F. Plewinski, ESS

15 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Environment Comparison 15 Representation of the typical ranges of ratio of displacement rate to helium production rate (He appm/dpa) as a function of the displacement rate per full power year (dpa/FPY) for various neutron irradiation situations. Typical example data are for: current 14 MeV source (RTNS-II); mixed spectrum reactors (HFIR (USA), HFR (NL), SM2 (RF); existing spallation sources (PIREX, SINQ, LAMPF and ISIS in the neutron-only irradiation regimes). G.A. Cottrell, L.J. Baker, JNM 318 (2003) 260-266.

16 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Environment Comparison dpaH & HeTemperatureCorrosionPulsed Operation Codes & Standards Spallation Source ++-++− ADS++++−− Fusion+−+−++ F.R. (Na)+−−+~−+ 16

17 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 CERN based  -beam layout 17

18 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Conceptual target loop for 18 Ne production 18

19 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 TALYS Production Code Benchmarking 19

20 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Production of 18 Ne ions for e 20

21 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Production of 18 Ne ions for e 21

22 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Testing at ISOLDE: Towards MEGAPIE  Antecedants: The MEGAPIE Project:  CERN-INTC-2003-014/INTC-P-171 (& CERN-INTC-2005-017): Measurement of Gas and Volatile Elements Production Cross Section in a Molten Lead-Bismuth Target.  Motivation: Evaluate requirements for cover gas system during normal operation and obtain data to assess accidental scenarios.  Measurements & results # :  Three runs between 2004 & 2005, 1.0 & 1.4 GeV, 250-600°C.  Release of noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe.  Release of volatiles: Hg, Br, I.  Significant yields of 204-210 At isotopes observed; despite no-release of Po isotopes from LBE at typical operating temperatures, small amounts of Po can be liberated indirectly as decay daughters of released At.  FLUKA or MCNPx with the INCL4/ABLA models more satisfactory than MCNPx with standard Bertini/Dresner model 22 MEGAPIE: First MW-class liquid metal spallation target: Aug-Dec 2006 # Y. Tall et al., Volatile elements production rates in a proton-irradiated molten lead-bismuth target, International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2007, DOI: 10.1051/ndata:07762.

23 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 e.g. Measurements vs Simulations: Xe 23 # Y. Tall et al., Volatile elements production rates in a proton-irradiated molten lead-bismuth target, International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2007, DOI: 10.1051/ndata:07762. MEGAPIE project

24 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Production in Sodium I/III 24 1.4 GeV2.5 GeV1.4 GeV converter IsotopeAZ/primError/primError/primError 1H1H110.11230.17320.12070.10671.19E-020.5587 2H2H215.23E-020.2015.98E-020.18692.64E-032.436 3H3H312.13E-020.21532.55E-020.41437.14E-043.849 3 He322.01E-020.36562.51E-020.32142.11E-047.005 4 He420.20510.26430.21595.28E-025.79E-032.036 6 He621.59E-030.98421.89E-030.98942.13E-0526.03 8 He827.30E-054.2221.12E-045.5830.00E+000

25 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Production in Sodium II/III 25 1.4 GeV2.5 GeV1.4 GeV converter IsotopeAZ/primError/primError/primError 19 Na19114.00E-0761.242.00E-07990.00E+000 20 Na20111.36E-058.5751.30E-0513.540.00E+000 21 Na21118.77E-041.9158.97E-040.80023.58E-0512.95 22 Na22119.54E-030.53149.58E-030.28348.09E-042.714 23 Na23115.85E-030.64476.48E-030.50852.64E-020.4117 24 Na24111.80E-0647.791.80E-0632.391.01E-0534.91 Most relevant Na isotopes for maintenance and disposal: 22 Na, T 1/2 = 2.603 yrs. 24 Na, T 1/2 = 14.96 hrs.

26 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Production in Sodium III/III 26 1.4 GeV2.5 GeV1.4 GeV converter IsotopeAZ/primError/primError/primError 17 Ne17102.00E-0799 0.00E+0 00 0 18 Ne18102.12E-058.6212.16E-057.551 0.00E+0 00 19 Ne19101.79E-046.2181.67E-045.9881.01E-0543.35 20 Ne20108.45E-030.52557.85E-030.53364.85E-042.705 21 Ne21101.79E-020.35271.67E-020.18871.09E-032.487 22 Ne22101.23E-020.40351.15E-020.43312.08E-033.227 23 Ne23101.45E-041.7311.60E-042.7455.16E-044.522

27 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Experimental Setup  Two phases, two targets:  First phase: sodium/fluorine eutectic such as NaF-ZrF4.  Second phase: pure sodium target.  Standard ISOLDE liquid metal target container:  Container used for lead or lead-bismuth eutectic.  Tungsten converter.  Temperature-controlled condensation helix.  Vadis ion source.  Measures taken online to assess potential splashing effects of liquid metal due to pulsed proton beam (should be > order of magnitude less severe than in lead targets).  Measurements:  Faraday cup (stable elements).  Online  -counting and  spectrometry at tape station.  Collection on foils and offline  spectrometry (e.g. long-lived 7 Be). 27

28 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Beam request  12 Shifts online:  6 shifts with a sodium/fluorine eutectic target (first).  6 shifts with a pure sodium target (second).  Only measurements with tape station require the use of the central beamline.  Large fraction of measurements can therefore be performed in the GLM/GHM beamlines fully in parallel with another experiment using all remaining protons at the HRS.  2 shifts offline:  Ionisation efficiency calibration with gas mixtures and stable tracers. 28

29 page Production and Release of Gas and Volatile Elements from Sodium- based Targets E. Noah, 38 th Meeting of the INTC, 4 th November 2010 Summary  Motivation:  Sodium used as coolant of tungsten target in an ESS target concept.  Sodium-based molten salt used for production of 18 Ne in beta beam facility.  Test programme at ISOLDE:  Two targets: sodium-fluorine eutectic, pure sodium.  Measure production and release of wide range of isotopes: He -> Mg.  Beam request:  12 shifts online.  2 shifts offline. 29

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