2. CELL MEMBRANES & DIFFUSION

3. MIXTURE TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS THAT ARE PHYSICALLY MIXED TOGETHER

4. FLUID AND NONDISSOLVED MATERIAL SUSPENSION

5. ALL COMPONENTS ARE EVENLY DISTRIBUTED AND DISSOLVED SOLUTION

6. SOLUTE SUBSTANCE BEING DISSOLVED Substance that dissolves the solute SOLVENT

7. SOLUTE SUBSTANCE BEING DISSOLVED Substance that dissolves the solute SOLVENT

8. AMOUNT OF SOLUTE PER SOLVENT Mass / Volume CONCENTRATION

9. MOVES FROM EVERYTHING HIGH TO LOW

10. MOVEMENT FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION Concentration Gradient: the differences in concentration of two mediums ↑ Concentration Gradient = ↑ Diffusion DIFFUSION

11. Osmosis : the diffusion of water

13. CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE IS THE SAME THROUGHOUT THE SYSTEM EQUILIBRIUM

16. TONICITY DIFFERENCE IN WATER CONCENTRATION OF TWO SOLUTIONS SEPARATED BY A PERMEABLE MEMBRANE HYPERTONIC MORE SOLUTES IN THE AREA HYPOTONIC LESS SOLUTES IN THE AREA ISOTONIC EQUAL AMOUNTS

17. 10% STARCH 30% STARCH HYPERTONIC = WATER DIFFUSES OUT OF CELL, CELL SHRINKS

18. 30% STARCH 10% STARCH HYPOTONIC = WATER DIFFUSES INTO CELL, CELL EXPANDS

19. 20% STARCH ISOTONIC = NO NET MOVEMENT

20. Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Rough E.R. Smooth E.R. Plasma Membrane Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Vacuole Lysosome

21. The Plasma Membrane of cells are made up of a PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER Hydrophilic Head Hydrophobic Tails “water-loving” “water-fearing” PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

23. The Plasma Membrane of cells also have PROTEINS and CHOLESTEROL Help movement across the membrane; protein channels Detect materials outside the cell Help keep the membrane fluid and wavy

24. ___IN___ Nutrients -sugars (glucose) -proteins -fats Salts O2O2 H2OH2O ___OUT___ Waste - ammonia - salts - CO 2 Products - Proteins H2O

25. INSIDE OUTSIDE Uncharged smaller particles can pass through the membrane Charged particles (+/-) or large particles cannot LIPIDS O2 CO2 SALT +/- WASTES STARCH

26. Large and/or charged particles must use Transport Proteins or Protein Channels to pass through the plasma membrane

27. Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Simple Diffusion vs. Facilitated Diffusion Move from HIGH to LOW through a transport protein Move from HIGH to LOW directly through the lipid bilayer Passive Transport : diffusion occurs down the Concentration Gradient

28. Sometimes, transport needs to occur AGAINST the Concentration Gradient Example: Glucose Cells must use ACTIVE TRANSPORT to go against the gradient

29. Active Transport uses ATP Energy to push materials from LOW to HIGH concentration

30. Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Passive Transport Active Transport

31. shipping out of the cellshipping into the cell

32. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prfMUwjobo8

33. How does endocytosis and exocytosis work?

34. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdCrZm_JAp0