1. How to Write a Research Paper
Day Three

2. How to Write a Research Paper
Creating an outline
Components of an essay
Introduction
Main body
Conclusion
Day Three

3. Creating an Outline Why? Organize the process of writing
Shows logical flow of material
Shows relationships between ideas
Creates an order for the paper
How?
Determine the purpose
Determine the audience
Develop the thesis

4. Creating an Outline
1) Brainstorm: List all the ideas that you want to include in your paper.
2) Organize: Group related ideas together.
3) Order: Arrange material in subsections from general to specific or from abstract to concrete.
4) Label: Create main and sub headings.
Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov OWL Purdue.28 May <

5. Creating an Outline Parallelism
Write each heading and subheading in the same structure
Example: begin each with a verb in the same tense
Bring materials
Arrive on time
Remain seated
Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov OWL Purdue.28 May <

6. Creating an Outline Coordination
Write each heading with the same significance as the other headings
Write subheadings with the same significance as other subheadings
Bring materials
Pen
Paper
Arrive on time
Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov OWL Purdue.28 May <

7. Creating an Outline Subordination
Write each heading with a more general form
Write each subheading with a more specific form
Bring materials
Pen
Paper
Arrive on time
Remain seated
Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov OWL Purdue.28 May <

8. Creating an Outline Division
Divide each heading into two or more parts
You may have many subheadings, but it there seem to be too many, try to combine some
Bring materials
Pen
Paper
Textbook
Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov OWL Purdue.28 May <

9. Creating an Outline Basic format Roman numerals (I, II, III)
Capitalized letters (A, B, C)
Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3)
Lowercase letters (a, b, c)
Heading One
Subheading one
Sub. one
a. Sub. one
Indent further after each breakdown!
Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov OWL Purdue.28 May <

10. Practice
Using a thesis statement from yesterday, practice creating a brief outline using headings and subheadings.

11. Components of an Essay Title Introduction Main body paragraphs
Conclusion

12. Components of an Essay Title
As the reader’s first impression of your work, it should be appealing
Try using a pun or other catchy device
Center your title, but do not bold or underline it

13. Components of an Essay Introduction First sentence: attention grabber
May be a quote, question, sound, etc.
Middle sentences: flow from attention-grabber to thesis; preview main points
Last sentence: thesis statement
Thesis: controlling or main idea
No specific details!

14. Components of an Essay Main body paragraphs Topic sentence
Beginning of the paragraph; starts with transition word
States the paragraph’s main idea
Supporting sentences
Provides details to support the main idea, such as sensory details, facts, examples
Clincher sentence
End of the paragraph
Emphasizes the main idea and adds a “zing”
Includes transition to next paragraph

15. Components of an Essay
Electric insect traps, or “bug zappers,” are effective killing machines, but they kill the wrong kinds of insects, claims University of Delaware entomologist Doug Tallamy. Over the course of a summer, Tallamy and a high school student, Tim Frick, analyzed the victims of the electric traps installed in six yards in Newark, Delaware. Of the 13,789 insects killed, just 31—less than one-quarter of one percent—were biting insects. Tallamy and Frick estimate that the millions of traps employed in the U.S. needlessly kill 71 billion to 350 billion “nontarget insects” each year, causing untold damage to ecosystems. Bug zappers, they conclude, are “worthless” as well as “counterproductive.”
Steve Nadis, “Bug Zappers Miss Their Mark,”
Omni magazine Web site

16. Components of an Essay Steve Nadis, “Bug Zappers Miss Their Mark,”
Electric insect traps, or “bug zappers,” are effective killing machines, but they kill the wrong kinds of insects, claims University of Delaware entomologist Doug Tallamy. Over the course of a summer, Tallamy and a high school student, Tim Frick, analyzed the victims of the electric traps installed in six yards in Newark, Delaware. Of the 13,789 insects killed, just 31—less than one-quarter of one percent—were biting insects. Tallamy and Frick estimate that the millions of traps employed in the U.S. needlessly kill 71 billion to 350 billion “nontarget insects” each year, causing untold damage to ecosystems. Bug zappers, they conclude, are “worthless” as well as “counterproductive.”
Steve Nadis, “Bug Zappers Miss Their Mark,”
Omni magazine Web site
Topic sentence
Supporting sentences: facts and statistics
Clincher sentence

17. Components of an Essay Conclusion
Restates thesis (without directly copying!)
Recaps main point from main body paragraphs
Leaves the reader something to remember
Contains no new information!