1. Acids, Bases and Salts ACIDS Acids are defined as a substances which releases one or more hydrogen ion in aqueous solution. For Example: HCl, H 2 SO 4

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS  Sour in Taste  Acid turns blue litmus paper in to red colour  They produce burning sensation

3. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS  Acids( HCl and H 2 SO 4 ) react with certain active metals to evolve hydrogen gas. Example: Zn + H 2 SO 4 ZnSO4 + H 2  Acids react with metal oxides to form salt and water Example: metal oxide + Acids salt +water  Metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates reacts with acids to evolve CO2(g) and form salts

4. STRONG AND WEAK ACIDS  Acids which are ionized to large extent are known as strong acids Example: HCl and H 2 SO 4 HCl (l) water H + (aq) +Cl - (aq)  Acids which are ionized to less extent are known as Weak acids. CH 3 COOH (l) water CH 3 COO - (aq) +Cl - (aq)

5. Activity Based on Acids  To demonstrate the action of zinc with dil.HCl.  To demonstrate the action of Dil.H 2 SO 4 with Sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.

6. BASES A Bases may be defined as a substances capable of releasing one or more hydroxyl ions in aqueous solution For Example: NaOH, KOH

7. INDICATORS Those substances which tells the presence of acids and bases For Example: Phenolphthalein

8. TYPES OF INDICATORS  Natural e.g. Red cabbage juice, Turmeric Solution  Chemical e.g. Methyl orange  Olfactory e.g. Onion, clove oil, vanilla