1. Novice to Expert: What the Evidence Says
June Goyne RN, MSN, EdD
Fall 2007

2. Novice to Expert How Does It Happen?

3. Nursing research by Patrician Benner 1984
Based on Dreyfus research on “skill acquisition”

4. New Nurse: Novice

5. New Nurse: Novice Lacks experience
Sees patient care as bits of unrelated information & a series of tasks

6. New Nurse: Novice

7. New Nurse: Novice

8. New Nurse: Advanced Beginner
Nursing Report
Limited experience
Unable to see entirety of new situation (may miss some critical details)

9. New Nurse: Advanced Beginner
Begins to see recurring situational aspects

10. New Nurse: Advanced Beginner

11. Competent Recognizes contextual aspects of situations
Plans based on conscious, analytic thinking process

12. MAJOR LEAP IN EXPERTISE
Proficient
MAJOR LEAP IN EXPERTISE
Sees situations as a whole … the big picture.
Performance is guided by deep understanding
Perceptive
Can see many perspectives of a situation

13. Expert
Completes tasks without getting caught up in the technical details
Integrates knowledge to guide care

14. Expert Expert Nurse Reads & responds to “whole picture”
Intuitive grasp of situations

15. Expert
Highly effective analytic skills in new situations

16. Novice to Expert How Long Does It Take?

17. How Long Does It Take?
Competent – experience with same or similar situations 2-3 years
Proficient – experience with same or similar situations 3-5 years
Expert – experience with same or similar situations 5-10 years

18. Does Everyone Reach Competent Level?
Does Everyone Reach Proficient Level?
Does Everyone Reach Expert Level?

19. Does Everyone Reach Expert Level?NO
Some may never go beyond competent level
If don’t get beyond advanced beginner level, won’t be around.

20. It takes experience to integrate & internalize theoretical knowledge into clinical expertise
New graduate
Needs support of higher level