1. The Issue of Ethics Clearance for New Knowledge Systems Dr Margaret Kumar 1

2. Outline  Introduction  Positioning  What is Ethics  Issues and anomalies in relation to Ethics Applications Ethics Application Form (NEAF) and the Guidelines for Ethical Research in Australian Indigenous Studies  Ethical Standards Benchmarks and complexity  Profiling and diversity  Linguistic and Pragmalinguistc failures  Shared Knowledge  Protocol  Identifying, De- identifying and Coercion  Conclusions Reached  Future directions 2

3. https://www.google.com.au/search?q=aBORIGINAL+MAPS http://www.about-australia.com/maps 3

4. What is ethics?  Several layers:  distinguishing between right and wrong,  standards of conduct on disciplines of study  method, procedure, or perspective for deciding how to act and for analyzing complex problems and issues.  Two trajectories:  1. promotes the aims of research which is to contribute new knowledge  2. to ensure accountability 4

5. Ethical Standards Benchmarks  National Ethics Application Form (NEAF) -11 sections made up of 32 pages. The 11 sections consist of Proposal description; Administrative section, Researchers and Investigators; Resources; Prior reviews; Project; Participants; Confidentiality and Privacy; Project Specific; Declarations and signatures and Attachments. National Health and Medical Research Council 2014) 5

6. Ethical Standards Benchmarks  Guidelines for Ethical Research in Australian Indigenous Studies.-consists of 14 principles grouped under the broad categories of rights, respect and recognition; negotiation, consultation, agreement and mutual understanding; participation, collaboration and partnership; benefits, outcomes and giving back; managing research: use, storage and access; and reporting and compliance. 6

7. Issues and Anomalies in relation to Ethics Applications  Complexity  Shared Knowledge  Protocol  Identifying and de-identifying subjects  Linguistic and the pragmalinguistic  Giving back 7

8. Future Directions  Exploratory questions and directions  Any questions 8