1. Sun’s Energy Source

2. Sun’s Luminosity _____ = 3.9 x 10 26 watts[Note: 1 watt = ______ ] Average power consumption by humans on Earth = ____________ Amount of sunlight reaching the Earth = ____________ [ _____________________________ ] Sun’s Energy Source Nuclear fusion Net:_____________[ _______________ ] 4 H atoms = _______________ 1 He atom = _______________ Mass Lost = _______________

3. Sun’s Energy Source Sun’s Luminosity 1 L O 1 J/s _1 L O _ = 3.9 x 10 26 watts[Note: 1 watt = _1 J/s_ ] Average power consumption by humans on Earth = ____________ Amount of sunlight reaching the Earth = ____________ [ _____________________________ ] Sun’s Energy Source Nuclear fusion Net:_____________[ _______________ ] 4 H atoms = _______________ 1 He atom = _______________ Mass Lost = _______________

4. Sun’s Energy Source Sun’s Luminosity 1 L O 1 J/s _1 L O _ = 3.9 x 10 26 watts[Note: 1 watt = _1 J/s_ ] 1.5 x 10 13 W Average power consumption by humans on Earth = _1.5 x 10 13 W_ Amount of sunlight reaching the Earth = ____________ [ _____________________________ ] Sun’s Energy Source Nuclear fusion Net:_____________[ _______________ ] 4 H atoms = _______________ 1 He atom = _______________ Mass Lost = _______________

5. Sun’s Energy Source Sun’s Luminosity 1 L O 1 J/s _1 L O _ = 3.9 x 10 26 watts[Note: 1 watt = _1 J/s_ ] 1.5 x 10 13 W Average power consumption by humans on Earth = _1.5 x 10 13 W_ 7.1 x 10 17 W Amount of sunlight reaching the Earth = _7.1 x 10 17 W_ ~ 50,000 X more than humans use [ _~ 50,000 X more than humans use_ ] Sun’s Energy Source Nuclear fusion Net:_____________[ _______________ ] 4 H atoms = _______________ 1 He atom = _______________ Mass Lost = _______________

6. Sun’s Energy Source Sun’s Luminosity 1 L O 1 J/s _1 L O _ = 3.9 x 10 26 watts[Note: 1 watt = _1 J/s_ ] 1.5 x 10 13 W Average power consumption by humans on Earth = _1.5 x 10 13 W_ 7.1 x 10 17 W Amount of sunlight reaching the Earth = _7.1 x 10 17 W_ ~ 50,000 X more than humans use [ _~ 50,000 X more than humans use_ ] Sun’s Energy Source Nuclear fusion 4 H  1 He4 p  2 p + 2 n Net:_4 H  1 He_[ _4 p  2 p + 2 n_ ] 4 H atoms = _______________ 1 He atom = _______________ Mass Lost = _______________

7. Sun’s Energy Source Sun’s Luminosity 1 L O 1 J/s _1 L O _ = 3.9 x 10 26 watts[Note: 1 watt = _1 J/s_ ] 1.5 x 10 13 W Average power consumption by humans on Earth = _1.5 x 10 13 W_ 7.1 x 10 17 W Amount of sunlight reaching the Earth = _7.1 x 10 17 W_ ~ 50,000 X more than humans use [ _~ 50,000 X more than humans use_ ] Sun’s Energy Source Nuclear fusion 4 H  1 He4 p  2 p + 2 n Net:_4 H  1 He_[ _4 p  2 p + 2 n_ ] 6.693 x 10 -27 kg 4 H atoms = _6.693 x 10 -27 kg_ 6.645 x 10 -27 kg 1 He atom = _6.645 x 10 -27 kg_ Mass Lost = _______________

8. Sun’s Energy Source Sun’s Luminosity 1 L O 1 J/s _1 L O _ = 3.9 x 10 26 watts[Note: 1 watt = _1 J/s_ ] 1.5 x 10 13 W Average power consumption by humans on Earth = _1.5 x 10 13 W_ 7.1 x 10 17 W Amount of sunlight reaching the Earth = _7.1 x 10 17 W_ ~ 50,000 X more than humans use [ _~ 50,000 X more than humans use_ ] Sun’s Energy Source Nuclear fusion 4 H  1 He4 p  2 p + 2 n Net:_4 H  1 He_[ _4 p  2 p + 2 n_ ] 6.693 x 10 -27 kg 4 H atoms = _6.693 x 10 -27 kg_ 6.645 x 10 -27 kg 1 He atom = _6.645 x 10 -27 kg_ 0.048 x 10 -27 kg Mass Lost = _0.048 x 10 -27 kg_

10. Example 1.000 kg H  _______ kg He[ Efficiency = ______ ] E = mc 2 = ( _________ )( _____________ ) 2 = ____________ This amount of energy is equivalent to burning ____________ of coal !! To generate 3.9 x 10 26 W  _____________ of H are converted to He every second. This also means that the Sun is losing ___________ of mass every second which is transformed to energy (i.e. ____________________ ________)

11. Example 1.000 kg H  _______ kg He[ Efficiency = ______ ] E = mc 2 = ( _________ )( _____________ ) 2 = ____________ This amount of energy is equivalent to burning ____________ of coal !! To generate 3.9 x 10 26 W  _____________ of H are converted to He every second. This also means that the Sun is losing ___________ of mass every second which is transformed to energy (i.e. ____________________ ________) Energy [J] Speed of Light [m/s] Mass [kg]

12. Example 0.9930.7% 1.000 kg H  _0.993_ kg He[ Efficiency = _0.7%_ ] 0.007 kg3.0 x 10 8 m/s6.3 x 10 14 J E = mc 2 = ( _0.007 kg_ )( _3.0 x 10 8 m/s_ ) 2 = _6.3 x 10 14 J_ This amount of energy is equivalent to burning ____________ of coal !! To generate 3.9 x 10 26 W  _____________ of H are converted to He every second. This also means that the Sun is losing ___________ of mass every second which is transformed to energy (i.e. ____________________ ________) Energy [J] Speed of Light [m/s] Mass [kg]

13. Example 0.9930.7% 1.000 kg H  _0.993_ kg He[ Efficiency = _0.7%_ ] 0.007 kg3.0 x 10 8 m/s6.3 x 10 14 J E = mc 2 = ( _0.007 kg_ )( _3.0 x 10 8 m/s_ ) 2 = _6.3 x 10 14 J_ 20 million kg This amount of energy is equivalent to burning _20 million kg_ of coal !! This is equivalent to the amount of energy 16,000 homes use in a year!! To generate 3.9 x 10 26 W  _____________ of H are converted to He every second. This also means that the Sun is losing ___________ of mass every second which is transformed to energy (i.e. ____________________ ________) Energy [J] Speed of Light [m/s] Mass [kg]

14. Example 0.9930.7% 1.000 kg H  _0.993_ kg He[ Efficiency = _0.7%_ ] 0.007 kg3.0 x 10 8 m/s6.3 x 10 14 J E = mc 2 = ( _0.007 kg_ )( _3.0 x 10 8 m/s_ ) 2 = _6.3 x 10 14 J_ 20 million kg This amount of energy is equivalent to burning _20 million kg_ of coal !! This is equivalent to the amount of energy 16,000 homes use in a year!! 600 billion kg To generate 3.9 x 10 26 W  _600 billion kg_ of H are converted to He every second. This also means that the Sun is losing ___________ of mass every second which is transformed to energy (i.e. ____________________ ________) Energy [J] Speed of Light [m/s] Mass [kg]

15. Example 0.9930.7% 1.000 kg H  _0.993_ kg He[ Efficiency = _0.7%_ ] 0.007 kg3.0 x 10 8 m/s6.3 x 10 14 J E = mc 2 = ( _0.007 kg_ )( _3.0 x 10 8 m/s_ ) 2 = _6.3 x 10 14 J_ 20 million kg This amount of energy is equivalent to burning _20 million kg_ of coal !! This is equivalent to the amount of energy 16,000 homes use in a year!! 600 billion kg To generate 3.9 x 10 26 W  _600 billion kg_ of H are converted to He every second. 4 billion kg This also means that the Sun is losing _4 billion kg_ of mass every second which is transformed to energy (i.e. ____________________ ________) Energy [J] Speed of Light [m/s] Mass [kg]

16. Example 0.9930.7% 1.000 kg H  _0.993_ kg He[ Efficiency = _0.7%_ ] 0.007 kg3.0 x 10 8 m/s6.3 x 10 14 J E = mc 2 = ( _0.007 kg_ )( _3.0 x 10 8 m/s_ ) 2 = _6.3 x 10 14 J_ 20 million kg This amount of energy is equivalent to burning _20 million kg_ of coal !! This is equivalent to the amount of energy 16,000 homes use in a year!! 600 billion kg To generate 3.9 x 10 26 W  _600 billion kg_ of H are converted to He every second. 4 billion kg light - electromagnetic radiation This also means that the Sun is losing _4 billion kg_ of mass every second which is transformed to energy (i.e. _light - electromagnetic radiation_) Energy [J] Speed of Light [m/s] Mass [kg]

17. Fun Sun Facts: The Sun is so large that ________ Earth’s could fit inside. The Sun contains almost _______ of all the mass in the solar system. The Sun’s lifetime on the main sequence is _________ years. The Sun is ________________ old now. Out of the 50 closest stars, the Sun ranks ____ in mass. Most stars are ___________ than the Sun. The Sun’s nearest neighbor is ____________________ _____. The Sun is ______________________ than when it was first born. ___________ of antimatter per day would supply the world’s energy needs.

18. Fun Sun Facts: 1 million The Sun is so large that _1 million_ Earth’s could fit inside. The Sun contains almost _______ of all the mass in the solar system. The Sun’s lifetime on the main sequence is _________ years. The Sun is ________________ old now. Out of the 50 closest stars, the Sun ranks ____ in mass. Most stars are ___________ than the Sun. The Sun’s nearest neighbor is ____________________ _____. The Sun is ______________________ than when it was first born. ___________ of antimatter per day would supply the world’s energy needs.

19. Fun Sun Facts: 1 million The Sun is so large that _1 million_ Earth’s could fit inside. 99.9% The Sun contains almost _99.9%_ of all the mass in the solar system. The Sun’s lifetime on the main sequence is _________ years. The Sun is ________________ old now. Out of the 50 closest stars, the Sun ranks ____ in mass. Most stars are ___________ than the Sun. The Sun’s nearest neighbor is ____________________ _____. The Sun is ______________________ than when it was first born. ___________ of antimatter per day would supply the world’s energy needs.

20. Fun Sun Facts: 1 million The Sun is so large that _1 million_ Earth’s could fit inside. 99.9% The Sun contains almost _99.9%_ of all the mass in the solar system. 10 billion The Sun’s lifetime on the main sequence is _10 billion_ years. The Sun is ________________ old now. Out of the 50 closest stars, the Sun ranks ____ in mass. Most stars are ___________ than the Sun. The Sun’s nearest neighbor is ____________________ _____. The Sun is ______________________ than when it was first born. ___________ of antimatter per day would supply the world’s energy needs.

21. Fun Sun Facts: 1 million The Sun is so large that _1 million_ Earth’s could fit inside. 99.9% The Sun contains almost _99.9%_ of all the mass in the solar system. 10 billion The Sun’s lifetime on the main sequence is _10 billion_ years. 4.57 billion years The Sun is _4.57 billion years_ old now. Out of the 50 closest stars, the Sun ranks ____ in mass. Most stars are ___________ than the Sun. The Sun’s nearest neighbor is ____________________ _____. The Sun is ______________________ than when it was first born. ___________ of antimatter per day would supply the world’s energy needs.

22. Fun Sun Facts: 1 million The Sun is so large that _1 million_ Earth’s could fit inside. 99.9% The Sun contains almost _99.9%_ of all the mass in the solar system. 10 billion The Sun’s lifetime on the main sequence is _10 billion_ years. 4.57 billion years The Sun is _4.57 billion years_ old now. #4 less massive Out of the 50 closest stars, the Sun ranks _#4_ in mass. Most stars are _less massive_ than the Sun. The Sun’s nearest neighbor is ____________________ _____. The Sun is ______________________ than when it was first born. ___________ of antimatter per day would supply the world’s energy needs.

23. Fun Sun Facts: 1 million The Sun is so large that _1 million_ Earth’s could fit inside. 99.9% The Sun contains almost _99.9%_ of all the mass in the solar system. 10 billion The Sun’s lifetime on the main sequence is _10 billion_ years. 4.57 billion years The Sun is _4.57 billion years_ old now. #4 less massive Out of the 50 closest stars, the Sun ranks _#4_ in mass. Most stars are _less massive_ than the Sun. Proxima Centauri 4.2 ly away The Sun’s nearest neighbor is _Proxima Centauri 4.2 ly away_. The Sun is ______________________ than when it was first born. ___________ of antimatter per day would supply the world’s energy needs.

24. Fun Sun Facts: 1 million The Sun is so large that _1 million_ Earth’s could fit inside. 99.9% The Sun contains almost _99.9%_ of all the mass in the solar system. 10 billion The Sun’s lifetime on the main sequence is _10 billion_ years. 4.57 billion years The Sun is _4.57 billion years_ old now. #4 less massive Out of the 50 closest stars, the Sun ranks _#4_ in mass. Most stars are _less massive_ than the Sun. Proxima Centauri 4.2 ly away The Sun’s nearest neighbor is _Proxima Centauri 4.2 ly away_. 30% more luminous today The Sun is _30% more luminous today_ than when it was first born. ___________ of antimatter per day would supply the world’s energy needs.

25. Fun Sun Facts: 1 million The Sun is so large that _1 million_ Earth’s could fit inside. 99.9% The Sun contains almost _99.9%_ of all the mass in the solar system. 10 billion The Sun’s lifetime on the main sequence is _10 billion_ years. 4.57 billion years The Sun is _4.57 billion years_ old now. #4 less massive Out of the 50 closest stars, the Sun ranks _#4_ in mass. Most stars are _less massive_ than the Sun. Proxima Centauri 4.2 ly away The Sun’s nearest neighbor is _Proxima Centauri 4.2 ly away_. 30% more luminous today The Sun is _30% more luminous today_ than when it was first born. 14 kg ____14 kg___ of antimatter per day would supply the world’s energy needs.

26. Sun’s Energy Source