1. Managing Grazed Wheat Kent Martin Southwest Research Extension Center Kansas State University

2. What Cattle Remove It takes approximately 1,000 lbs forage to produce 100 lb beef. It takes approximately 1,000 lbs forage to produce 100 lb beef. May vary depending on efficiency of pasture and livestock May vary depending on efficiency of pasture and livestock Nitrogen needs Nitrogen needs It takes roughly 30 lbs to produce 1,000 lbs forage or 100 lb beef It takes roughly 30 lbs to produce 1,000 lbs forage or 100 lb beef

3. What Cattle Remove Phosphorus Phosphorus There is about.8% P 2 O 5 in wheat forage There is about.8% P 2 O 5 in wheat forage Removal = 8 lb P 2 O 5 Removal = 8 lb P 2 O 5 Potassium Potassium There is about 4.8% K 2 O in wheat forage There is about 4.8% K 2 O in wheat forage Removal = 48 lb K 2 O Removal = 48 lb K 2 O

4. Nutrient Recommendations Add 30 lb per 100 lb beef removed Add 30 lb per 100 lb beef removed No P or K needed unless soil tests indicate a deficiency No P or K needed unless soil tests indicate a deficiency

5. Fate of Nutrients in Manure Nitrogen Nitrogen 30% liquid manure is available first year 30% liquid manure is available first year 25% solid manure is available first year 25% solid manure is available first year Phosphorus Phosphorus 50% available 50% available Potassium Potassium 80-90% available 80-90% available

7. Redistribution of nutrients

8. What is FHS Wheat developmental stage when jointing first begins (GS 5) Wheat developmental stage when jointing first begins (GS 5) Research has shown this is the optimal time to remove cattle from wheat pasture Research has shown this is the optimal time to remove cattle from wheat pasture Several factors influence when FHS occurs Several factors influence when FHS occurs

9. How to Check for FHS FHS can be identified below the soil surface, but above the crown FHS can be identified below the soil surface, but above the crown Must check for FHS in nongrazed wheat of same variety and planting date Must check for FHS in nongrazed wheat of same variety and planting date

10. First Hollow Stem

11. Select a large stem and cut off just above the root

12. Cut vertically through center of the stem

13. Growing point Nodes Hollow stem Node 5/8”or 1.5 cm What to look for

14. 1.5 cm

15. First Hollow Stem and Yield -56-42-28-1401428 Days from first hollow stem 0 10 20 30 40 50 1989-90 1992-93 1991-92 1993-94 FIRST HOLLOW STEM Grain yield (bu/ac)

16. First Hollow Stem and $$$ -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Net returns ($/ac.) Days from first hollow stem -56-42-28-14014 28 Cattle Wheat Total FIRST HOLLOW STEM

17. First Hollow Stem and $$$

19. First Hollow Stem (day of year)

21. What Determines FHS Variety Variety Location Location Planting date Planting date Temperature (fall and spring) Temperature (fall and spring) Moisture Moisture Grazing Grazing

22. Summary 5/8” or 1.5 cm of hollow stem = FHS 5/8” or 1.5 cm of hollow stem = FHS Check in an nongrazed area of same variety and planting date Check in an nongrazed area of same variety and planting date 1.25 bu/ac/day loss for grazing past FHS 1.25 bu/ac/day loss for grazing past FHS Added beef lbs. do not make up for lost yield Added beef lbs. do not make up for lost yield