1. Blast and Fragment Injuries of the Musculoskeletal System by Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 84(7):1221-1234 July 1, 2002 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

2. An idealized depiction of a blast wave after an explosion in air. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

3. Radiograph of both lower extremities of a twenty-two-year-old soldier injured in an antitank-mine explosion. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

4. Figs. 3-A, 3-B, and 3-C A twenty-five-year-old-soldier sustained a blast injury to the foot that did not require amputation. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

5. Severe soft-tissue injury of the hindfoot region. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

6. Lateral radiograph showing extensive comminution of the calcaneus. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

7. Figs. 4-A, 4-B, and 4-C: A twenty-three-year-old soldier sustained severe soft-tissue and osseous injuries from an exploding mine. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

8. Radiograph demonstrating loss of the sacrum caudad to the third sacral level. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

9. Débridement to healthy muscle. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

10. Diagram of an explosive injury causing traumatic below-the-knee amputation. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

11. Figs. 6-A through 6-D A nineteen-year-old soldier sustained severe trauma to the foot from an antipersonnel mine. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

12. Lateral radiograph showing extensive comminution and bone loss involving the calcaneus. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

13. Kirschner wires were used to reapproximate the subtalar architecture. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

14. Appearance after delayed closure and placement of a split-thickness skin graft. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

15. Figs. 7-A through 7-D A forty-six-year-old United Nations soldier sustained secondary blast injuries from an antipersonnel mine that included open fractures of the second and third metatarsals with segmental bone loss. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

16. Anteroposterior radiograph showing the extent of the osseous injury. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

17. Metal fragments, shoe leather, and an unattached bone fragment removed at the primary surgery. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

18. Kirschner wire spacers placed during secondary surgery maintained metatarsal length until a subsequent bone-graft procedure was performed. Dana C. Covey J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1221-1234 ©2002 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.