1. When is Conversion Justified? The Case of KVTC in Tanzania Principle 6.10 v Principle 10.9

2. Criterion 6.10 FSC Criterion 6.10 FSC Criterion 6.10 Forest conversion to plantations or non-forest land uses shall not occur, except in circumstances where conversion: Forest conversion to plantations or non-forest land uses shall not occur, except in circumstances where conversion: a)entails a very limited portion of the forest management unit; and a)entails a very limited portion of the forest management unit; and b)does not occur on high conservation value forest areas; and b)does not occur on high conservation value forest areas; and c)will enable clear, substantial, additional, secure, long term conservation benefits across the forest management unit. c)will enable clear, substantial, additional, secure, long term conservation benefits across the forest management unit. Environmental, Biodiversity and Social Benefits.

3. Social Benefits Population of the Kilombero Valley c50000 Population of the Kilombero Valley c50000 GDP of the Valley cUS$100 GDP of the Valley cUS$100 Percentage of GDP directly attributed to KVTC 10% Percentage of GDP directly attributed to KVTC 10% Economic multiplier effect of c2 means in total 20% of economic activity is related to the project. Economic multiplier effect of c2 means in total 20% of economic activity is related to the project. 500 Full time equivalent posts involving up to 2000 people each year. Each person employed supports about 5 dependents. 500 Full time equivalent posts involving up to 2000 people each year. Each person employed supports about 5 dependents. In the communities close to the forest 50% of people benefit directly from the company during a year. In the communities close to the forest 50% of people benefit directly from the company during a year. Seasonal employment opportunities coincide with the period of food shortage. Seasonal employment opportunities coincide with the period of food shortage. More than 80% of village government income comes from social funds and village contracts. (Improved governance and decision making processes). More than 80% of village government income comes from social funds and village contracts. (Improved governance and decision making processes). Development of stakeholder participation land use allocation plans for villages supported by the company. Development of stakeholder participation land use allocation plans for villages supported by the company.

4. Environmental and Biodiversity Benefits Protection of 75% of the area under management as miombo forest. Unprotected areas are rapidly converted to shambas. Protection of 75% of the area under management as miombo forest. Unprotected areas are rapidly converted to shambas. Protection of all areas identified as HCV Protection of all areas identified as HCV Evergreen Forest Evergreen Forest Raphia farinifera swamps Raphia farinifera swamps Wildlife population refuges Wildlife population refuges Archaeological heritage sites Archaeological heritage sites Routine consideration of environmental and biodiversity issues in planning using ISO14000 certified system Routine consideration of environmental and biodiversity issues in planning using ISO14000 certified system Of areas pre-identified as being suitable for teak between 40 & 50% excluded for environmental and biodiversity reasons Of areas pre-identified as being suitable for teak between 40 & 50% excluded for environmental and biodiversity reasons Restoration of degraded miombo to a productive and high biodiversity state Restoration of degraded miombo to a productive and high biodiversity state Research Programmes Research Programmes

5. The Result (2001 image) Pre 2001 Shambas Area lost to Shambas 2001 - 2004 Area to be restored to Miombo Teak