1. Chapter 8 Emotions and Moods
Story of Terry & Larry
Oracle vs. Ingres (startup!) vs. Private Equity …
Organization culture-

2. Emotions Were Ignored in OB
The “myth of rationality”
Organizations are emotion-free?
Emotions are disruptive to organizations?
OB in the past
focus was solely on the effects of strong negative emotions that interfered with individual and organizational efficiency.

3. Affect A broad range of emotions that people experience.
What Are Emotions?
Affect A broad range of emotions that people experience.
Emotions Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.
Moods Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.

4. Individual and
Mutual Influences
Event Attribution
In Emotions Vs. Mood
Reactions

5. Emotion Dimensions Biology of emotions Intensity of emotions
Anger
Fear
Sadness
Happiness
Disgust
Surprise
Envy, Embarrassment, Hate, Hope, Pride, Love
Biology of emotions
Originate in brain’s limbic system
Intensity of emotions
Personality
Job Requirements
Frequency and duration of emotions
How often emotions are exhibited
How long emotions are displayed
Functions of emotions
Critical for rational thinking
Motivate people
6 Universal Em.
Facial Expression

6. Mood as Positive and Negative Affect
Being Neutral
Perception > Behavior

7. Functions of Emotions “You are just being emotional! ” Mr. Gage
Accident
Cognitive ability
Loss of Emotions
Irrational Decisions
Other brain injuries
Computers vs. humans
Fear Vs. Motivation
Disgust Vs. Health
Anger Vs. Rights
Good decision making
Thinking & Feeling

8. Sources Of Emotions And Moods
Personality
Day and Time of the Week
Weather
Stress
Social Activities
Sleep
Exercise
Age
Gender
Personality
Trait component
Affect intensity
How strongly you experience emotions

9. Positive Moods are Highest
At the End of the Week
In the Middle Part of the Day

10. Negative Moods are Highest
At the Beginning of the Week
And, show little variation throughout the day
Good time for bad new!
Monday morning?

11. Weather Stress Social Activities Not really! Illusory correlation
Associate events with no connections
Stress
Fear vs. Exam
Social Activities
Increase positive experience
Reciprocal relationship

12. Sleep Exercise Age Fatigue, anger and hostility
Decision making, controlling emotions
Exercise
Depressed!
Limited improvement
Age
With age
Negative emotions occurs less
Positive moods stay longer, Negative moods fade quicker

13. Gender and Emotions Socializing Women
Can show greater emotional expression.
Experience emotions more intensely.
Display emotions more frequently.
Are more comfortable in expressing emotions.
Are better at reading others’ emotions.
Men
Believe that displaying emotions is inconsistent with the male image.
Are innately less able to read and to identify with others’ emotions.
Have less need to seek social approval by showing positive emotions.
Socializing

14. External Constraints on Emotions
Organizational Influences
Cultural Influences
Individual Emotions

15. Emotional Labor
Funeral
A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions.
Doctors

16. Felt versus Displayed Emotions
Felt Emotions
An individual’s actual emotions.
Displayed Emotions
Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job.
Emotional Dissonance
Projection Vs. Feeling

17. Surface acting Vs. Deep acting
Hiding inner feelings
Forgoing emotional expression (display)
Deep acting
Trying to modify true inner feeling (display rules)

18. Internals (Internal locus of control) Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them.
Note: Higher emotional labor = more highly paid jobs (with high cognitive requirements)

19. Affective Events Theory (AET)
Emotions are negative or positive responses to a work environment event.
Personality and mood determine the intensity of the emotional response.
Emotions can influence a broad range of work performance and job satisfaction variables.
Implications of the theory
Individual response reflects emotions and mood cycles.
Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction.
Emotional fluctuations create variations in job satisfaction and performance.
Both negative and positive emotions can distract workers and reduce job performance.
Hassles
Uplifting

20. Affective Events Theory (AET)

21. Emotional Intelligence
Self-awareness (know how you feel)
Self-management (manage your emotions and impulses)
Self-motivation (can motivate yourself & persist)
Empathy (sense & understand what others feel)
Social Skills (can handle the emotions of others)
Research Findings: High EI scores, not high IQ scores, characterize high performers.

22. OB Applications of Emotions
Emotions and Selection
Emotions affect employee effectiveness
Social Interaction
Decision Making
Emotions are an important part of the decision-making process in organizations.
Best solution
Creativity
Positive mood increases creativity

23. OB Applications of Emotions …
Motivation
Emotional commitment to work and high motivation are strongly linked.
Leadership
Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders.
Interpersonal Conflict
Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions are strongly intertwined.
Negotiation
Emotions can impair negotiations.

24. OB Applications of Emotions …
Customer Services
Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers which, in turn, affects customer relationships.
Job Attitudes
Can carry over to home

25. OB Applications of Emotions …
Deviant Workplace Behaviors
Negative emotions lead to employee deviance (actions that violate norms and threaten the organization).
Productivity failures
Property theft and destruction
Political actions
Personal aggression
Envy
Better work, larger office, …
Hostility, backstabbing

26. Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and Moods
Abdur Rahim has a high need for achievement and likes to come to work and focus on her job only. If you were Abdur Rahim ’s manager, how could you get him to feel more emotion at work? Would you want him to? Why or why not?

27. Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and Moods
Sabrina comes to class and sits quietly looking content and relaxed. The teacher is guessing that Sabrina is
Low on negative affect
High on positive affect
High on negative affect
Low on positive affect

28. Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and Moods
Do you think there could be emotional and mood implications for telecommuting? If yes, how so? Discuss.
Hint: Consider this woman!
Why might she NOT always feel this way?