1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer and Tim Ackerman

2. BritainAmericans Advantages?? Disadvantages?? On the Eve of the Revolution ?

3. LoyalistStrongholds

4. Washington’s Headaches Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral]. State/colony loyalties. Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army. Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.

5. Exports & Imports: 1768-1783

6. Military Strategies Attrition [supplies harder to get for Brits]. Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war  you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down] Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies. The AmericansThe British Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So. Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally. “Divide and Conquer”  use the Loyalists.

7. Phase I: The Northern Campaign [1775-1776]

8. Bunker Hill (June, 1775) The British suffered over 40% casualties.

9. Phase II: NY & PA [1777-1778]

10. New York City in Flames (1776)

11. Washington Crossing the Delaware Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

12. Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War? Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War? A modern-day re-enactment

13. Important Allies The Americans French – secretly provided supplies. After Saratoga, sent troops and navyFrench – secretly provided supplies. After Saratoga, sent troops and navy Spanish - secretly provided supplies at first and allied with France against Britain.Spanish - secretly provided supplies at first and allied with France against Britain. The British Native American groups such as Iriquois and CherokeeNative American groups such as Iriquois and Cherokee The Hessians (German paid soldiers- aka mercenaries)The Hessians (German paid soldiers- aka mercenaries)

14. Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

15. Britain’s “Southern Strategy” Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South. Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving. The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!] Good US General: Nathanial Greene

16. The Battle of Yorktown (1781) Count de Rochambeau Admiral De Grasse

17. Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown: Painted by John Trumbull, 1797 “The World Turned Upside Down!”

19. North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783