1. Top 25 Must Know Facts For the Biology Midterm

2. Biology Is the study of life –Branches include Zoology Botany Anatomy Genetics

3. Metric System Based on 10’s –Used by scientists because its simplier, and so everyone uses a common system Mass- grams Volume- liters Distance- meters

4. Taxonomy Is the study of classification

5. Life There are five key characteristics of life –Made of cells –Growth –Response to stimuli –Adapts to environment –Reproduces

6. Atoms Atoms have three main parts –Proton –Neutrons –Electrons

7. Water Is the universal solvent –Because it dissolves so many things

8. More water… Hydrophilic –Likes water Hydrophobic Fears water

9. pH pH scale measures acids and bases – >7 is a base – <7 is an acid – 7 is neutral

10. Macromolecules There are three main macromolecules –Carbohydrates –Proteins –Fats

11. Carbs Carbohydrates are simple sugars –They are used for energy Plants use them for structure

12. Proteins Proteins are made of amino acids –Used for many things in the body Hair Enzymes Muscle Skin

13. Lipids Fats –Used for energy storage, insulation, cushioning, and cell membranes

14. Cells Eukaryotes have organelles Prokaryotes have no organelles

15. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell –Makes ATP

16. Nucleus Contains DNA

17. Ribosomes Make proteins

18. Cell membrane Made out of phospholipds –Controls what enters and leaves the cell –Contains proteins that help transport things across

19. Plant Cells Unlike animal cells, have cell walls and chloroplasts.

20. Water Balance Hypotonic –Solution outside cel has too little salt (High water conc.) Cell can burst

21. Water Balance Hypertonic –Solution outside cell has too much salt »Cell will shrivel up

22. Water Balance (Last slide for Bio) Isotonic –Solute inside/outside cell is in balance Animal cells like this

23. Enzymes Are made of proteins –Catalyze chemical reactions –Function depends on shape

24. Photosynthesis Plants make sugar from sunlight and air –Needs: Carbon Dioxide, Water, Sunlight –Makes: Sugar, oxygen

25. Respiration Both plants and animals –Takes Place in mitochondria –Makes ATP from glucose –Carbon dioxide is waste product