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Published byDayna Morrison Modified over 9 years ago
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D ISTRIBUTION OF W ATER ON E ARTH
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THIRST VIDEO http://www.slideshare.net/jbrenman/thirst
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T HE H YDROSPHERE Hydrosphere: the part of Earth that contains water 97% of Earth’s water is salt water Only 3% is fresh water: ( 30% groundwater, 68% frozen, 2% on surface)
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S ALTWATER Oceans cover 71% of Earth’s surface ( about ¾ ) Land takes up 29% of Earth’s surface ( about ¼ ) 2 categories of water in the Hydrosphere…based on Salinity = % salt content Saltwater: 97% of Earth’s water Oceans 35 g salt/kg of water How many oceans are currently recognized today??!!
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F RESHWATER Freshwater: < 1 g salt/kg of water ONLY 3% of Earth’s water is fresh 2/3 of that is frozen in glaciers, ice caps, & icebergs (pieces of glaciers floating in ocean) 1/3 of that is liquid & accessible in lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, or underground
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F RESHWATER R ESOURCES Most freshwater is frozen at the polar ice caps!! Glaciers are masses of ice and snow that move slowly over the Earth’s surface.
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W HERE ’ S THE WATER ?
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The Great Lakes are the largest freshwater System on earth. They contain 84% of North America’s surface freshwater and 21% of the world’s surface fresh water supply. Only the polar ice caps contain more fresh water.
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F RESHWATER R ESOURCES 1/3 of Earth’s freshwater is groundwater!! Groundwater forms when water moves through soils and sediment and collects in spaces underground. An aquifer is a rock layer that stores water in the spaces between the rock and allows water to flow through it.
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A QUIFERS Underground permeable rock or sediment that contains water Particles in ground act like filter to water!!
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G ROUNDWATER Water that seeps into the soil & is pulled down by gravity Can move or sit under the surface if there are spaces between the rock/soil particles (permeable) Water will seep down until it hits an impermeable surface, then fill up from there ( like your bathtub with the drain closed !) The region filled with ground water = Saturation Zone The top surface of this area = Water Table
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A/C W ATER T ABLE & S ATURATION Z ONE
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G ROUNDWATER TO THE S URFACE V IA … 1.) Man-made Well – pipe dug into ground to extract water from aquifer 2.) Artesian Well – water flows naturally to surface because it’s under pressure 3.) Spring – water flows to surface because surface of land dips below water table 4.) Hot Spring/Geyser – water heated up by rocks, pushes up to surface due to pressure
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M AN -M ADE W ELL
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A RTESIAN W ELL & S PRING
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G EYSER IN I CELAND – Y OU T UBE C LIP http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DW-daow- LojM&sa=U&ei=n65CT8aeApDcgge2o63lCw&ve d=0CCgQtwIwAg&usg=AFQjCNEpLlDlSzVPx4a S-Tu3nfBc1pCkKw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tShhZvvIM84 &feature=related
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W ATER C YCLE – Q UICK R EVIEW 1. Sun heats the water on the surface of Earth 2. Freshwater evaporates into atmosphere as water vapor (salt in ocean stays behind ) 3. Water vapor cools & condenses on dust particles to form clouds 4. Water falls back to Earth as precipitation in the form of rain, sleet, snow, or hail 5. Precipitation that hits surface either gets absorbed into ground, stays trapped as standing water, or moves downhill as “run-off” back into lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, oceans **The amount of water on Earth stays the same !!**
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