1. 11.1 Cells and Batteries (Page 437-444)

2. Learning Goals I can describe the components of electric circuits.
I can explain how voltaic cells work.
I can explain how electrical cells are classified.
I can contrast electric and hybrid vehicles with regular, gas burning vehicles.

3. KEY CONCEPTS:
In a voltaic cell, chemical reactions involve two different metals or metals compounds (called electrodes), and a conducting solution or a paste (called an electrolyte).

4. A battery is a connection of two or more cells.

5. A dry cell contains an electrolyte that is a paste, whereas a wet cell contains an electrolyte that is a liquid solution.

6. A primary cell can be used only once, and then it is discarded, whereas a secondary cell can be recharged many times.

7. A fuel cell generates electricity using chemical reactions of fuel stored outside the cell.

8. A solar cell converts sunlight, a renewable energy source, into electrical energy.

9. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Regular gas-burning cars use fuel and release carbon dioxide at all times, even when stuck in traffic
Electric cars charged by the power generated at oil burning generating plants convert twice as much energy to making the cars move
Hybrids save on fuel by converting braking energy into electrical energy which can later be used to move the car
Hybrids and electric cars, waste less fuel and produce less CO2 than regular gas cars

10. Electric Circuits
Electric circuit: a closed path along which electrons that are powered by an energy source can flow

11. Electrical Cell Terminology
Electrical cell: a device that is used to generate electricity
Terminal: the point at which a conductor comes to an end
Battery: a connection of two or more cells
Electrode: one of two metal terminals in a cell or battery
Electrolyte: a solution or paste that conducts charge

12. Voltaic Cells
Voltaic cell: a source of energy that generates an electric current by chemical reactions involving two different metals or metal compounds separated by a solution that is a conductor
The solution is an electrolyte
Electrons flow from one electrode to the other outside of the battery, while inside the battery the circuit is closed by the electrolyte's ions

13. Voltaic Cells
Video: How voltaic cells work

14. Voltaic Cells

15. Types of Cells Dry cell Wet cell Primary cell Secondary cell Fuel cell
Solar cell

16. Types of Cells and Examples of Each One
Type of Cell
Description
Examples
Dry Cell
A cell that contains an electrolyte that is a paste.
Zinc-carbon cells
Alkaline cells
Wet Cell
A cell that contains an electrolyte that is a liquid.
Lead acid batteries

17. A cell that can be used only once. Zinc-carbon cells
Type of Cell
Description
Examples
Primary Cell
A cell that can be used only once.
Zinc-carbon cells
Secondary Cell
A cell that can be recharged.
Nickel-metal hydride cells

18. A cell that converts sunlight into electrical energy.
Type of Cell
Description
Examples
Fuel Cell
A cell that generates electricity through the chemical reactions of fuel that is stored outside the cell.
Hydrogen fuel cell
Solar Cell
A cell that converts sunlight into electrical energy.
Solar panels

19. Practice
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